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The Nervous System Functions of the Nervous System 1. Control center for all body activities 2. Responds and adapts to changes that occur both inside and outside the body (Ex: pain, temperature, pregnancy) Central Nervous System Neurons : microscopic nerve cells that make up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves - 30,000 neurons can fit on a pinhead Anatomy of a Neuron Each neuron contains: - Cell body with nucleus - Dendrites : fibers that receive messages from other neurons - Axons : fibers that send messages to other neurons • Neurons do NOT touch; there is a gap between them called a synapse • Messages are sent across the synapses by special chemicals called neurotransmitters Communication Between Neurons - The use of neurotransmitters causes an electrical current There is enough electrical current in the brain to power a flashlight Two Major Divisions of the Nervous System Central Nervous System Brain : a mass of 100 billion neurons located inside the skull -Learning occurs as more and stronger connections are made between neurons Central Nervous System Spinal Cord : Column of nerves from brain to tailbone – protected by vertebrae of spine - Responsible for: - Conducting impulses between the brain and the rest of the body *Impulses may travel as fast at 268 miles/hr Peripheral Nervous System Nerves : visible bundles of axons and dendrites that entend from the brain and spinal cord to all other parts of the body -Responsibilities: - Sensory nerves carry messages from body to brain (pain, pressure, temperature) - Motor nerves – carry messages from brain to body to respond Pathway of an Impulse Impulse ( an electrical message) Sensory neurons CNS Motor Neurons (spinal cord-brain-spinal cord) Tomorrow: Reaction Time Lab Task: Measure the time it takes for you to respond to a stimulus. Brain Teaser AHIMNOTUVW Which of the letters above does not belong with the rest? N It is not a mirror-image of itself