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The Nervous System When you caught the ruler with your fingers, what caused the muscles in your fingers to move? What makes your heart beat day and night every day of your life? How can you tell when something is burning? Your ability to perform these actions, and sense changes in your environment is all thanks to your nervous system. cerebrum cerebellum brain stem The brain is the center of the nervous system and coordinates all of the body’s activities. It is the most complex organ in the human body. The brain is made up of approximately 100 billion nerve cells (neurons). The three major parts of the brain are the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. Surrounding and protecting the brain are membranes, a fluid layer, and the skull. How do messages from your brain reach all parts of your body? How do messages from all parts of your body reach your brain? Nerve cells, called neurons, transport impulses from your body to your brain and from your brain to all parts of your body. The messages are carried through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons are made up of three main parts, the cell body, axons, and dendrites. Axons and dendrites branch out to messages to be sent and received to all parts of the body. The spinal cord is the long bundle of nerves that runs down the middle of your back. It serves as the main pathway for messages between the brain and the body. In men the spinal cord is about 45 centimeters long. In women it is about 43 centimeters long. Your backbone protects the spinal cord from damage. The organs of the nervous system - brain, neurons, and spinal cord all work together to control and coordinate all the activities of the body. Information is transferred throughout your body by electrical and chemical impulses. Your nervous system helps your body act and react to this information.