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Nervous Systems

Aims:

Must be able to state the main components of
the nervous system.

Should be able to describe and explain the
structure of the Brain.

Could be able to describe and explain the
structure of the Spinal Cord.
Structure of Nervous System

Central Nervous System –
BRAIN
 SPINAL CORD


Peripheral Nervous System –
SENSORY (Afferent) – Information into CNS
from external and internal environments.
 Motor (Efferent) – Information away from the
CNS

Subsections

Sensory –



Somatic – Information from external environments via
sense organs, e.g. Eyes
Visceral – Information from internal environments,
e.g. Heart
Motor –


Autonomic (involuntary) – Signals that regulate
internal environments – Parasympathetic and
Sympathetic
Somatic (voluntary) – Signals to Skeletal muscles
The Brain

Cushioned by
cerebrospinal fluid.

Circulates in
spaces in the brain
and around the
spinal cord.

Helps to cushion
CNS tissues from
shocks.

Can be removed to
test for infections or
disease to CNS.
The Brain

The largest part of the brain is
the cerebrum, which has a folded
surface called the cerebral
cortex.

Divided into two halves - cerebral
hemispheres - which are
connected by axons.

Responsible for our ability to
smell, speak, move, taste, see
and hear.

Also enables us to think.

Left hemisphere controls the
right of the body and vice versa.
Cerebrum
The
Hypothalamus
The Thalamus

Receives impulses from
sensory neurons.

Regulates the release of
many hormones.

Directs them to the
various parts of the brain
where they are
interpreted.

Controls many other
aspects of homeostasis.

Plays a role in
temperature maintenance,
water balance and blood
pressure as well as
sensations such as
hunger and thirst.

Plays a key role in
memory, maintaining
sensation, motor
(movement) activities.
The Brain Stem

Consists of:



Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

Extends from the brain to the spinal cord.

Controls basic functions such as heartbeat rate and
breathing.

After an accident in which the brain has been severely
damaged, life may continue if the brain stem is
uninjured.
The Spinal Cord



Nerve impulses that pass from
sensory detectors to the brain
and impulses that pass from the
brain to other parts of the body
travel along the spinal cord.
Contains grey matter –
made up of nerve cell bodies.
Axons of these cells form the
white matter of the spinal
cord.
The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord
sections contain
nerves that control
various regions of
the body:
Activity

Answer the questions from pages 93 and
94 in the Biozone book.