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Welcome to Immunology
Course
IMMUNOLOGY
Prof. dr Vera Pravica
Prof. dr Dušan Popadić
Doc. dr Miloš Marković
Assist. dr Emina Savić
[email protected]
Tel. 3643-236
Facebook: Antitelija Limfocitic
Basic terminology
Immunitas (lat.)
protection, immunity
Immunis,-e (lat.)
protected, immune
Protection of senators against prosecution, tax payment and
other civil duties in Antic Rome
Immunity
state of resistance to (infectious) disease
Immunization
process that results in immunity
Immune
resistant to (infectious) disease
Immune system
organs, tissues, cells and molecules involved in
defence of the organism
Immune response
coordinated activity of the immune system
components
Basic function(s) of the immune system
Defense against infectious agents
Recognition and elimination of cancer cells
viruses
fungi
protozoa
bacteria
helmints
IMMUNOLOGY investigates
- mechanisms of recognition of “danger” signal
- mechanisms of activation and regulation of defense
- effector mechanisms of destruction and elimination of
pathogens and neutralization of their harmful products
- mechanisms leading to immune response injurious to own
tissue
- possibilities for manipulation of the immune response
INNATE
(Natural)
(Native)
ADAPTIVE
(Aquired)
IMMUNITY
Mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity
INNATE IMMUNITY
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
- filogenetically older
- appears in vertebrates
- immediate action
- fully functional after certain period
(days, weeks)
- does not change throughout a
lifetime
- amplified upon re-exposure to the
same pathogen
- reacts predominantly against
infectious agents
- reacts against both infectious and
non-infectious substances
- early line of defence
- later but more effective
Mutually stimulating
Principle mechanisms of
innate and adaptive immunity
Properties of adaptive immunity
- diversity and specificity
- memory
- clonal expansion
- specialization
- autotolerance
- stimulation of mechanisms of innate immunity
Types of adaptive immunity
- based on effector mechanisms
cellular or cell-mediated (T-lymphocytes)
humoral (B-lymphocytes)
Types of adaptive immunity
Types of adaptive immunity
- based on effector mechanisms
cellular or cell-mediated (T-lymphocytes)
humoral (B-lymphocytes)
- based on manner of activation
active
passive
- based on mode of induction
natural
artificial
NATURAL
(infection)
ACTIVE
ARTIFICIAL
(vaccination)
IMMUNIZATION
NATURAL
(Mother-to-fetus antibody transfer)
PASSIVE
ARTIFICIAL
(serum therapy)
Simplified presentation of immune network