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Relative Clause of
Characteristic; Dative of
Reference; Supines; Gerund
& Gerundive
April 5th, 2012
Relative Clause of Characteristic

Ordinary relative clause provides additional
information about some specific word in the
main sentence. (i.e. Caesar is the Roman
general who conquered Gaul).

Relative Clause of Characteristic provides some
general or hypothetical quality about another
word in the main sentence. (i.e. There is no one
who would dare to do such a thing).

Cf. Wheelock, pp. 269-70
Dative of Reference or Interest

Dative typically used to indicate the indirect object. (i.e.
The soldier gave roses to the girl).

Dative of Reference is used to indicate the person or
thing who has an interest in the action of the verb, is
indirectly affected, has some interest in the action.

The typical translation of “to” or “for” does not always
work. Sometimes more complex phrases requires.

Cf. Wheelock, p. 270.
Supines

4th Declension verbal noun – identical to perfect,
participle, passive – only two forms: accusative and
ablative singular.

Laudatum, Laudatu – Monitum, Monitu – Actum, Actu –
Auditum, Auditu – Captum, Captu.

Ablative supine used together with a neuter adjective
indicating in what respect the neuter adjective is
applicable (i.e. Mirabile dictu – “Amazing to say”; Facile
factu – “Easy to do”)

Accusative supine used with verbs of motion to indicate
the purpose for the motion (i.e. Ibant Romam rogatum
pecuniam – “They were going to Rome to ask for
money)
Gerundive and Gerund

Gerundive = Future, Passive, Participle = A verbal
adjective ending in –ndus, -unda, -undum.

Used attributively to modify a noun or else in a passive
periphrastic construction.

Gerund = Verbal Noun; has only four forms (neuter,
singular – acc., gen., dat., abl.,); active in meaning;
corresponds to the English “-ing” (i.e. magnum amorem
legendi habet – “He has a great love of reading.”); cf.
Wheelock, p. 277