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Dative of Nouns, Adjectives and Demostrative Pronouns Hard Adj.+Noun Soft Adj. + Noun MA dobrému pánovi, pánu cizímu muži, učiteli MI velkému hradu cizímu stroji F dobré ženě cizí růži cizí písni cizí kosti N velkému městu cizímu moři cizímu znamení cizímu kuřeti The Dative of the demonstrative pronouns ten (masculine) and to (neuter) is tomu. Přišli jsme k tomu pánu, hradu, muži, stroji, městu, moři, znamení, kuřeti. The Dative of hard adjectives takes the ending --ému for Masculine and Neuter gender: K dobrému pánu, muži, hradu, stroji, městu, moři, znamení, kuřeti. The Dative of soft adjectives takes the ending --ímu: K cizímu pánu, hradu, muži, stroji, městu, moři, znamení, kuřeti. Feminine hard adjectives and the demonstrative pronoun ta take the ending --é: K té dobré ženě, růži, písni, kosti. The Dative of feminine soft adjectives is the same as their Nominative: Ke zvláštní ženě, růži, písni, kosti. Rules to remember: The Dative is almost identical with the Prepositional, but there is no ambiguity in its endings. All soft paradigms take the -i ending. All hard masculine and neuter nouns take the -u ending. The ending -ovi is used only for masculine animate nouns. The masculine names which end in --a (Kundera, Klíma, Zástěra) take the ending --ovi both in the Prepositional and Dative: o/ke Kunderovi, Klímovi, Zástěrovi. The hard feminine paradigm žena takes the same soft ending –ě/-e as in Prepositional. Examples: k rybě, k ropě, k mámě, ke kávě, ke katastrofě, k vodě, k tetě, k ženě, k Olze, ke Praze, ke střeše, ke kočce, k Věře Dative's prepositions: k, ke = to, towards proti = against, opposite kvůli = because of díky = thanks to vůči = towards The Dative is used to express the indirect object of a verb, i.e. giving or saying to, doing for, taking to, etc. Examples: Dám mamince knihu. Telefonoval jsem doktorovi, že dnes nepřijdu. Nesu Janě oběd. Vařím Karlovi večeři. Here are some useful verbs which take the Dative: dát, dávat někomu = to give to someone, rozumět někomu = to understand someone, věřit někomu = to believe someone, pomáhat, pomoct někomu = to help someone, vyhýbat se (někomu, něčemu) = to avoid (someone, something), etc.