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Transcript
Dative of Nouns, Adjectives and Demostrative Pronouns
Hard
Adj.+Noun
Soft
Adj. + Noun
MA
dobrému pánovi, pánu
cizímu muži, učiteli
MI
velkému hradu
cizímu stroji
F
dobré ženě
cizí růži
cizí písni
cizí kosti
N
velkému městu
cizímu moři
cizímu znamení
cizímu kuřeti
The Dative of the demonstrative pronouns ten (masculine) and to (neuter) is tomu.
Přišli jsme k tomu pánu, hradu, muži, stroji, městu, moři, znamení, kuřeti.
The Dative of hard adjectives takes the ending --ému for Masculine and Neuter gender:
K dobrému pánu, muži, hradu, stroji, městu, moři, znamení, kuřeti. The Dative of soft adjectives
takes the ending --ímu: K cizímu pánu, hradu, muži, stroji, městu, moři, znamení, kuřeti.
Feminine hard adjectives and the demonstrative pronoun ta take the ending --é:
K té dobré ženě, růži, písni, kosti. The Dative of feminine soft adjectives is the same as their
Nominative:
Ke zvláštní ženě, růži, písni, kosti.
Rules to remember:
The Dative is almost identical with the Prepositional, but there is no ambiguity in its
endings. All soft paradigms take the -i ending. All hard masculine and neuter nouns take
the -u ending. The ending -ovi is used only for masculine animate nouns. The masculine
names which end in --a (Kundera, Klíma, Zástěra) take the ending --ovi both in the
Prepositional and Dative:
o/ke Kunderovi, Klímovi, Zástěrovi.
The hard feminine paradigm žena takes the same soft ending –ě/-e as in Prepositional.
Examples: k rybě, k ropě, k mámě, ke kávě, ke katastrofě, k vodě, k tetě, k ženě, k Olze, ke Praze,
ke střeše, ke kočce, k Věře
Dative's prepositions: k, ke = to, towards
proti = against, opposite
kvůli = because of
díky = thanks to
vůči = towards
The Dative is used to express the indirect object of a verb, i.e. giving or saying to, doing for,
taking to, etc. Examples: Dám mamince knihu. Telefonoval jsem doktorovi, že dnes nepřijdu.
Nesu Janě oběd. Vařím Karlovi večeři. Here are some useful verbs which take the Dative: dát,
dávat někomu = to give to someone, rozumět někomu = to understand someone, věřit
někomu = to believe someone, pomáhat, pomoct někomu = to help someone, vyhýbat se
(někomu, něčemu) = to avoid (someone, something), etc.