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Download Apuntes 9-2: el presente progresivo
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Apuntes: las formas progresivas Los usos El presente progresivo is used to talking about something that is taking place right now. (think –ing in English) El presente progresivo is formed by: present tense form of ESTAR + present participle VENIR and IR are not typically used in the present progressive. Instead, use the present tense to talk about coming and going. Las formas de ESTAR estoy estamos estás estáis está están Los participios presentes To form the present participle of an –ar verb, remove the –ar and add –ando. hablar hablando Adriana is talking. Adriana está hablando. Los participios presentes To form the present participles of –er and – ir verbs, remove the –er or –ir and add –iendo. escribir escribiendo Juanito is writing a letter. Juanito está escribiendo una carta. Spelling Changes When you have an –er or –ir verb with a stem ending in a vowel, change –iendo to –yendo. leiendo leyendo leer You are reading. Estás leyendo. Present participle stem-changes ONLY stem-changing –ir verbs have stemchanges in their present participles. These stem-changes are the same as the preterite. These stem-changes are o -> u and e -> i. Por ejemplo: dormir servir durmiendo sirviendo Present participle stem-changes e -> i pedir pidiendo servir sirviendo repetir repitiendo decir diciendo o -> u dormir durmiendo morir muriendo Pronombres diretos, indiretos y reflexivos con participios Pronouns can go before the conjugation of ESTAR or attached to the end of the present participle. If attaching one pronoun to the present participle, add an accent to the stressed (3rd to last) vowel. If you are adding two pronouns to the present participle, add an accent to the 4th to last vowel. Ejemplos ¿Estás haciendo la tarea? Sí, la estoy haciendo. o Sí, estoy haciéndola. Ejemplos ¿Qué hacen tus hermanas mayores? Se están vistiendo para salir. o Están vistiéndose para salir. Práctica My friends and I are decorating for the party. Mis amigos y yo estamos decorando para la fiesta. Práctica My brother is sleeping. Mi hermano está durmiendo. Práctica I am putting on makeup. Me estoy maquillando. Estoy maquillándome. Práctica Miguel and José are eating ice cream. Miguel y José están comiendo el helado. Práctica You are reading an adventure novel. Estás leyendo una novela de aventuras. Un poco más… Progressives are used in other tenses, not just the present tense, but they are much less frequent. These tenses indicate that an action was/will be in progress at a particular moment in time. Ejemplos Estaba contestando la última pregunta cuando la profesora nos pidió los exámenes. I was answering the last question when the teacher asked for our exams. Y más… Progressive tenses use other verbs instead of estar as well, especially verbs that convey motion or continuity Por ejemplo: andar, continuar, ir, llevar, seguir, venir Ejemplos anda diciendo → he goes around saying continuarás trabajando → you’ll continue working they’re getting more and van acostumbrándose → more used to I’ve been working for a llevo un mes trabajando → month siguieron hablando → they kept talking venimos insistiendo → we’ve been insisting