Download How to Form Present Participles

How to Form Present Participles
1. Go to the second principal part, and
drop the ‘-re’.
2. Add:
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Accus.
Abl.
-ns
-ntis
-nti
-ntem (-ns)
-nti /-nte
-ntes (-ntia)
-ntium
-ntibus
-ntes (-ntia)
-ntibus
-io Verb Exception
1. Go to the second principal part, and
drop the ‘-ere’ or the ‘-ire’
2. Add:
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Accus.
Abl.
-iens
-ientis
-ienti
-ientem (-iens)
-ienti /-iente
-ientes (-ientia)
-ientium
-ientibus
-ientes (-ientia)
-ientibus
1. I see the dog.
2. The dog is seen by me.
ACTIVE verb
PASSIVE verb
3. The dog hearing the whistle ACTIVE participle
4. The whistle heard by the dog PASSIVE participle
And with an active participle, the noun is
the ACTOR / DOER of the participle.
With a passive participle, the noun is
ACTED UPON by the participle.
How to form the Perf. Pass. Partic.
• Go to the 4th Principal Part (which is the
Neuter Nom. Sing. PPP)
• Drop the ‘-um’ ending and add any 1st/2nd
Declension Adjective Ending
(like bonus, bona, bonum)
The Perfect Passive Participle
(Sing)
laudo, are, avi,
laudatum
Masc
Fem
Neut
Nomin.
laudatus
laudata
laudatum
Gen.
laudati
laudatae
laudati
Dat.
laudato
laudatae
laudato
Accus
laudatum
laudatam
laudatum
Abl
laudato
laudatā
laudato
The Perfect Passive Participle
(Plur)
laudo, are,
avi,
laudatum
Masc
Fem
Neut
Nomin.
laudati
laudatae
laudata
Gen.
laudatorum
laudatarum
laudatorum
Dat.
laudatis
laudatis
laudatis
Accus
laudatos
laudatas
laudata
Abl
laudatis
laudatis
laudatis
Deponent Verbs
There is a category of verbs that are
PASSIVE in form but ACTIVE in their
meaning. They’re called Deponent
Verbs.
As a result a Perfect Passive Participle
with one of these verbs has an
ACTIVE meaning, and they happen
prior to the main verb.
Examples of Deponent Participles:
1. ingressus
(having entered)
2. regressus
(having returned)
3. precatus
(having prayed)
4. conspicatus
(having caught sight of)
5. locutus
(having spoken)
6. adeptus
(having obtained)