Download Apuntes 9-2: el presente progresivo

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Transcript
Apuntes: las formas
progresivas
Los usos
El presente progresivo is used to talking about
something that is taking place right now. (think –ing
in English)
El presente progresivo is formed by:
 present tense form of ESTAR
+
 present participle
VENIR and IR are not typically used in the present
progressive. Instead, use the present tense to talk
about coming and going.
Las formas de ESTAR
estoy
estamos
estás
estáis
está
están
Los participios presentes
To form the present participle of an –ar
verb, remove the –ar and add –ando.
 hablar
hablando

Adriana is talking.
Adriana está hablando.
Los participios presentes
To form the present participles of –er and –
ir verbs, remove the –er or –ir and add
–iendo.
 escribir
escribiendo

Juanito is writing a letter.
Juanito está escribiendo
una carta.
Spelling Changes
When you have an –er or –ir verb with a
stem ending in a vowel, change –iendo to
–yendo.
leiendo
leyendo
 leer

You are reading.
Estás leyendo.
Present participle stem-changes
ONLY stem-changing –ir verbs have stemchanges in their present participles. These
stem-changes are the same as the preterite.
These stem-changes are o -> u and e -> i.
Por ejemplo:


dormir
servir
durmiendo
sirviendo
Present participle stem-changes
e -> i
pedir
pidiendo
servir
sirviendo
repetir
repitiendo
decir
diciendo
o -> u
dormir
durmiendo
morir
muriendo
Pronombres diretos, indiretos y
reflexivos con participios
Pronouns can go before the conjugation
of ESTAR or attached to the end of the
present participle.
If attaching one pronoun to the present
participle, add an accent to the stressed
(3rd to last) vowel. If you are adding two
pronouns to the present participle, add an
accent to the 4th to last vowel.
Ejemplos
¿Estás haciendo la tarea?
Sí, la estoy haciendo.
o
Sí, estoy haciéndola.
Ejemplos
¿Qué hacen tus hermanas mayores?
Se están vistiendo para salir.
o
Están vistiéndose para
salir.
Práctica
My friends and I are decorating for the
party.
Mis amigos y yo estamos decorando
para la fiesta.
Práctica
My brother is sleeping.
Mi hermano está durmiendo.
Práctica
I am putting on makeup.
Me estoy maquillando.
Estoy maquillándome.
Práctica
Miguel and José are eating ice cream.
Miguel y José están comiendo el helado.
Práctica
You are reading an
adventure novel.
Estás leyendo una
novela de aventuras.
Un poco más…
Progressives are used in other tenses, not
just the present tense, but they are much
less frequent.
These tenses indicate that an action
was/will be in progress at a particular
moment in time.
Ejemplos
Estaba contestando la última pregunta
cuando la profesora nos pidió los
exámenes.
I was answering the last question when
the teacher asked for our exams.
Y más…
Progressive tenses use other verbs
instead of estar as well, especially verbs
that convey motion or continuity
Por ejemplo: andar, continuar, ir, llevar,
seguir, venir
Ejemplos
anda diciendo → he goes around saying
continuarás trabajando → you’ll continue working
they’re getting more and
van acostumbrándose →
more used to
I’ve
been
working
for
a
llevo un mes trabajando →
month
siguieron hablando → they kept talking
venimos insistiendo → we’ve been insisting