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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS and CONSTRUCTION SITE ANALOGY Protein Synthesis Transcription takes place inside City Hall, where Instructions within the Master Plan are copied into Blueprints by a Copier Machine. Instructions (Genes: DNA) Transcription City Hall (Nucleus) Instruction Manual (Chromosomes) Factoid: Genes code for proteins and make up only 2% of the DNA in chromosomes. Most of the remaining DNA has no known function. Project Blueprint (mRNA) Copier Machine (RNA Polymerase) The City (Cytoplasm) Transcription takes place in the nucleus, where Genes (DNA) on Chromosomes are transcribed into mRNA by RNA Polymerase. Translation takes place within City Limits. Blueprints dictate the types and order of transport trucks that deliver building blocks to the construction machine. Each transport truck carries a specific building block. The Construction machine assembles the building blocks into a building according to the blueprint. Translation Translation takes place within the cytoplasm. mRNA dictates the types and order of tRNA that deliver amino acids to the ribosome. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid. The ribosome assembles the amino acids into a protein according to the mRNA sequence. Factoid: Your cells use 20 different amino acids to build proteins with. Building block Transport Truck (tRNA) Building block (Amino acid) Construction Machine (Ribosome) Building (Protein)