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Notes from Chapter 5 Psychology Meditation Method people use to try to narrow their consciousness so that the stresses of the outside world fade away. Meditation Part of some religious rituals Helps people relax Helps lower Blood Pressure rate, heart rate, and respiration rate Biofeedback System that provides, or “feedsback”, information about something happening in the body. Biofeedback People can control body functions (i.e. heart rate) Produce alpha waves (relaxed) to cope with tension People have learned to treat tension headaches, lower heart rate, and blood pressure. Hypnosis Altered State of consciousness during which people respond to suggestions and behave as though they are in a trance. Hypnosis Some psychologists wonder whether hypnosis truly is an altered state of consciousness for the following reasons: Some of the same effects achieved by hypnosis can also occur without hypnosis. Brain wave patterns (EEG) show the same pattern as people who are awake. Franz Mesmer…. Coined the phrase, “Mezmerize” in the 1700’s by using Magnets to cure His patients of unwanted aliments. Hypnotism today…. Can be used as an anesthetic, in surgery. Used to reduce anxiety, manage pain, or overcome fear. Drugs and Consciousness Addiction In reference to drugs, an addiction means that after a person takes that drug for a while, his/her body craves it just to feel normal. Alcohol, Nicotine, and other drugs are addictive. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYlwS epW7Bs Distort Drugs people’s perceptions, change their moods, or cause them to see or hear things that are not real. Depressants Slows the activity of the nervous system Alcohol Small amounts may have little effect or may be relaxing Large quantities- Lethal, or put people to sleep. Intoxication- Drunkenness. Slurring of speech, blurred vision, clumsy, and difficult to concentrate. People may not realize they are intoxicated. Depressants Regular consumption of alcohol can lead to addiction. Withdrawal symptoms of an alcoholic are tension and trembling. Depressants Narcotics- addictive depressants that have been used to relieve pain and induce sleep. (Many derived from opium plant) Morphine- Civil war, Soldiers disease was an addiction to Morphine. Heroin- “Heroic”; feelings of pleasure to deep depression. Impairs judgment/memory causes drowsiness, can lead to loss of consciousness, coma, and death. Codeine Depressants Withdrawal symptoms of Narcotics are: Tremors Cramps Chills Rapid Heartbeat Insomnia Vomiting Diarrhea Stimulants Increase the activity of the nervous system. Speed up the heart and breathing rate. Stimulants include: Nicotine Amphetamines Cocaine Stimulants Nicotine Found in tobacco leaves Releases the hormone adrenaline Heart rate goes up Raises rate body changes food to energy Smokers don’t quit because of fear of gaining weight Addictive as heroin Associated with serious health risks Stimulants Health risks for smokers: 10 x likely to die of lung cancer Heart disease Respiratory diseases Premature babies Second hand smoke for other non smokers Stimulants Amphetamines are known for helping people stay awake and for reducing appetite. First used in WWII to help soldiers stay awake during battle. “Speed” “Uppers”- pleasure in high doses Given through pills and injections Stimulants Amphetamines side effects: May stay awake for days/usually “crash” after that high. High doses, insomnia, loss of appetite, irritability Can experience hallucinations. Can experience delusions. Stimulants Hallucination- a perception of a object or a sound that seems real, but is not. For example, someone seeing thousands of bugs crawling on them. Stimulants Delusions- false idea that seems real. For example: thinking you can fly. Stimulants Cocaine From leaves of the cocoa plant Produces feelings of pleasure, reduces hunger, deadens pain, boosts self confidence. Physically: Blood pressure increases Oxygen supplies decrease Speed up heart rate Stimulants Cocaine is addictive and dangerous. Freud first praised cocaine then realized addiction and the danger of the drug. Crack is a form of cocaine. Overdoses and stronger form, but impure. Faces of Meth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_NZu CXofHY Hallucinogens Drugs that produces hallucinations, that may cause relaxation or feelings of pleasure, could cause panic. Marijuana- from the leaves of the cannabis sativa plant Feelings of relaxation and mild hallucinations Hash comes from the sticky part of the plant. (stronger then marijuana) Hallucinogens Marijuana-impairs perception/coordination making it difficult to operate machines (cars). Anxiety and confusion Threat to people with high blood pressure Effect on consciousness: Time is passing by slowly Increased bodily sensations Visual hallucinations (fear of losing yourselves) Hallucinogens LSD- Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Nickname: “Acid” Intense hallucinations Sometimes makes the user believe they have expanded their consciousness, believe they have achieved great insights Effects are unpredictable: people injure themselves and commit suicide. Soldiers on LSD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CF8cjIl vgv0 Hallucinogens Effects of LSD: Memory loss Violent outbursts Nightmares Feelings of panic Flashbacks These are hallucinations that happen weeks, months, or years after taking the drug. Woodstock Trips… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GV0A AF17LsI Treatments for Drug Abuse Detoxification- removal of the harmful substance from the body, weaning addicts from the drug while restoring their health. Most commonly used with people addicted to alcohol and narcotics. Treatments for Drug Abuse Maintenance Programs- (narcotics users) Given controlled and less dangerous amounts of the drug or some less addictive substance. Controversial because users never become completely drug free. Treatments for Drug Abuse Counseling- individual or group. Stimulant and depressant abuse Treatments for Drug Abuse Support groups- several people who share common experiences, concerns, or problems. Emotional and moral support.