Download Holy Roman Empire and the Church

Section 1
By: Aneesah
Section 2
By: Ariana
Section 4
By: Michelle
Holy Roman Empire and the
Church
Holy Roman Empire
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Otto I took the title King of Germany
His successors took the title “Holy Roman Empire”
The appointment of church officials brought issues to
emperors and popes
Popes tried to end the interference from secular rulers
Conflict between Popes &
Emperors
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Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture
Henry VI disagreed
Henry was then excommunicated but
decided to make peace
Treaty formed: Concordat of Worms
The Struggle for Italy
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Frederick Barbossa failed to bring northern
Italy under his control
Frederick II also tried
German nobles grew more independent
Spanish and French rivals battled for power
The rest was in ruins
The Height of Church power
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Pope Innocent III took office
He excommunicated King John and Philip
II
Launched a crusade against Albigensians
After death, Philip helped with the
election of a French pope, papacy entered
a period of decline
Section 4
By: Esther
The Crusades
 The Crusades were
a series of Holy
Wars to drive the
Muslims out of the
holy land, Palestine
 It was mainly
against the Muslims
and the enemies of
the pope
 Pope Urban
declared the
crusade at the
Council of Clermont
Motives and Goals of
Crusades
The goal of the
Crusades was to
recapture the Holy
Land from the
Muslim rule
Knights wanted
more lands and
become affluent
Urban, the pope
wanted to gain his
influence over
Europe and heal the
schism
List of Crusades
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During the First Crusade, Christian knights seized Jerusalem in 1099
In the Second Crusade, Saladin, leader of the Muslims, captured
Jerusalem by 1187
After the Third Crusade, Europeans failed to regain the holy land but
Saladin reopened it to the Chritian pilgrims
The Fourth Crusade resulted when the Crusaders fought Christians
and captured Constantinople
List of Crusades(con't)
• Al-Kamil, brother of
Saladin. agreed to
have peace with
Europe in the Fifth
Crusade
• Muslim successfully
gained control over
the holy land in the
sixth Crusade
Religious Toleration and
heresies
• Under the Muslim
rule, Spain enjoyed
religious toleration
• Religious toleration
is the freedom to
worship a religion
• After the successful
Reconquista in
Spain, Ferdinand
and Isabella ended
it and fought against
heresies
Section 5
By: Lizzie
The Black Death
Around 1347, Genoese trader ships came
over to Messina, Sicily. They didn't know
that with their goods came a deadly
disease. When they docked, they started
noticing the symptoms of the “bubonic
plague”.
 The Sicilians kicked them out, but it was
too late.
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Bubonic Plague
Global Epidemic
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The disease soon spread
beyond Sicily to Spain,
France and other parts of
Europe.
People started seeing
symptoms of the bubonic
plague.
It quickly became an
Epidemic-outbreak of
quickly spread disease.
People began to get eggsized lumps under their
arms.
 They started to turn an
ugly blackish color.
 Once they started to spit
up blood, death was
certain.
 Gravediggers collected
the corpses like a
garbage man collects
trash.
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Effects
Physical:
-Spitting up blood,
- Egg-sized lumps all
over body.
- Skin slowly turning
black.
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Economic:
-Surviving workers
demanded a higher
salary.
-People started
splurging on luxurious
things for fear that
they would die soon.
Babylonian Captivity
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All through the crisis of the plague, the
church had it’s own problems. The papal
authority moved it’s court to southern
Sicily for 70 years. People called this time
the Babylonian captivity in reference to a
time of captivity in the Bible’s old
testament.
Questioning the church
Surviving priests were asked “Why did
God only save some people?”
 John Wycliffe started the idea that people
should be able to read the bible for
themselves.
 His fellow scholars started translating the
bible from Latin into English.
 Jan Hus Began preaching John Wycliffs
ideas.
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Persecution
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Both Wycliffe and Jan
Hus were convicted of
starting new heresies
and were burned at
the stake.
The 100 years war
Even through all the holy scandal and near
extinction of Europe, the people still got
riled up over a little thing like territory.
 England’s king, Edward III, decided to try
and take the French crown, a war erupted.
 Once the war started, the people did not
want to stop fighting.
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Joan of ark
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In 1429, a 17-year old
girl, named Joan of
ark, requested to
have the French king,
King Charles VII,
allow her to lead his
army. When he said
yes, everyone was
surprised to see that
they won the battle,
with Joan’s help.
Joan’s martyrdom
When the British allies finally caught Joan,
They tried her for witchcraft. She was
wrongly convicted, and was burned at the
stake. This rallied the French more than
anything.
The French went on to win more victories,
until England was only left with a French
port.
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Medieval to Modern
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The end of the time of crisis led way to
more economic development than ever.
Italy was having more trade than ever
before, and with people recovering from
the population decimation, this was a
great time for the medieval ages to make
way for the modern world.