Download 4- The Crusades

12/12/2014
Tell me about
Thomas Becket.
What happened?
Who “did it”?
THE CRUSADES
CAUSES

Turks (Muslims) gain control of the Holy Lands
and threaten Constantinople
 Byzantine
emperor asks Pope for help
Pope Urban II asks Lords for help, to quit
fighting amongst themselves and unite
 to fight and win back the Holy Lands
 “wear cross on right shoulder or back with one
voice…cry out: God wills it, God wills it!”

CAUSES
1000s – Muslims took control of Jerusalem
 1095 – Pope Urban II met with European
leaders and agreed to get back the Holy Land
 Crusades: A series of military expeditions to
regain the Holy Land

 Soldiers
wore crosses to represent
Church and God
 To save their souls, gain land/wealth,
make money
FIRST CRUSADE
Lasted from 1096-1099
 Led by French and Italian Lords
 Armies suffered a lot from heat and hunger
 Finally able to capture Jerusalem then
committed a huge massacre


Held Jerusalem for 100 years - Turks got it back
RESULTS: SUCCESS
Muslims and Jews slaughtered and driven from
Jerusalem
 Mixing of Cultures: cultural diffusion

 Muslims
and Christians live side by side
 Respect grows between groups

Trade sprang up between Europe and Holy
Lands, (Middle East & Asia)
SECOND CRUSADE

1147-1149 – France
and Germany led
another Crusade but
they lost
THIRD CRUSADE




1189-1192 – France,
England, Holy Roman
Emperor led the cause
Emperor drowned on the
way over so his army left
France and England
bickered and France left
to go try to conqueror
England
England LOST
FOURTH CRUSADE


Pope Innocent III sent
French Knights
But the French attacked
a bunch of Christian
cities and got
excommunicated
CHILDREN’S CRUSADE



1212 – Youth thought
they could win
Stuck at Mediterranean
Pope shipped them
home but half were
accidentally shipped
away into slavery
RESULTS OF THE CRUSADES:

Weapons and Warfare:
Crossbow - could penetrate chain main and armor
 Catapults - to throw rocks
 Gunpowder and mines
 Muslims introduce long-bows and gun-powder
 Modern technology in weapons leads to the decline of
the Knights in Europe


Political Changes:
Nobles sold lands and died fighting
 This increased power of Kings


Ideas and Trade:
 Both
Crusaders and Muslims shared ideas and
knowledge
 Europeans started to discover apricots, lemons,
melons, rice, and sugar
TRADE
TRADE ROUTES
After Rome fell… trade died out in Europe –
Manors grew/made everything needed
 After the Crusades…
 Trade in Italy:

 Crusades

caused goods from Middle-East and Asia
Trade in Europe:
 Vikings
traveled to Asia and brought stuff back
TRADE GOODS AND MARKETS
Asia = dyes, silks, spices, linen, fruit, grain, rugs
 Europe = Fur, timber, leather, oil, soap, wool
 Markets and Fairs = formed to sell goods

 Taxes
began on goods that were sold
 Armed guards protected merchants
 Turned into social events
Barter Economy: Good and services exchanged
for other goods and services – NO money
 Market Economy: Money - Land, labor, and
capital are controlled by individuals persons
 Domestic System: goods were made in homes
 Jews became bankers (no other jobs for them)

 Bills
of Exchange: Notes used in place of money