Download Chapter 14 Unit 1: Church Reform and the Crusades

Chapter 14 Unit 1: Church Reform and the Crusades
Age of Faith: Pope restored and expanded Pope
Friar v. Monk:
Friar: is a traveling holy man, spreads Christianity, begs for food
Monk: lives in monastery
BOTH: take same vows
Cathedrals: cities of God
ROMANESQUE: round arches, heavy roofs, thick walls, dark
GOTHIC: Named for the Germanic tribe Goths, light, stain glass
windows, sculptures, all meant to inspire worship
The Crusades:
Beginning: 1093 Byzantine Emperor Alexis sent letter to Count of
Flanders, the letter ends up with the Pope (Urban II)
Called for a Holy War = Crusade
GOALS: regain holy land and unite Christianity
Crusaders: pilgrims of God wore red cross on tunic assured
passage to heaven
1st: 1097 armies arrive in Constantinople (unprepared for weather
and terrain)
Gained 650 miles from Edessa to Jerusalem
ONLY SUCCESSFUL CRUSADE
2ND: Re-capture Jerusalem from Turks
Saladin: Muslim leader
3rd: Led by Richard the Lionhearted
Fought for awhile before deciding on truce
TRUCE: (1) Jerusalem stayed in Muslims hands and (2)
Christians can travel safely to Holy Land
Children’s Crusade:
Stephen Cloyes (France) marched to Holy Land – many died along
the way and none returned
Nicolas (Germany) marched to Italy to ask for supplies to go to the
Crusades, Pope sends them home, many tried to board ships to the
Holy Land
OUTCOME: Symbolizes the church control over the people, that
the parents would allow their children to go on dangerous trips
Spanish Crusade
Moors: Muslims in Spain
Reconquista: effort to drive Muslims from Spain (Jews as well)
Inquisition: court held by the church to suppress heresy run by
Ferdinand and Isabelle (Catholic Monarchs)
GOAL: unify Spain under Christianity and increase power of
King and Queen
OUTCOME: many to convert to Christianity to save their
lives or they were murdered
Effects of Crusades:
Lessen the Popes power
Weaken feudal nobility
Increased Kings power
Death
Fall of Constantinople
Increased tension with Muslims
Increased and continued persecution of Jews
Expanded trade for merchants
Women gained rights – since men were off fighting