Download cells - Edmonds

CELLS
Prokaryotic Cells
• Less advanced and less
complex (more primitive)
• No nucleus: DNA is free
floating
• Still carry out all
characteristics of life
• a.k.a: bacteria!
Eukaryotic Cells
• Cell of organisms more
advanced than bacteria
(animals, plants, fungus,
and some single celled
protists).
• More complex
• DNA contained inside the
nucleus
PLANT CELL (eukaryotic)
ANIMAL CELL (eukaryotic)
NUCLEUS
NUCLEUS
• FUNCTION: Control
center of the cell:
“brain of cell”
– CONTAINS GENETIC
MATERIAL (DNA)
– CONTROLS ALL
CELL ACTIVITIES
– FOUND IN ALL
CELLS EXCEPT
BACTERIA (EXCEPT
PROKARYOTES)
• In both PLANT and
ANIMAL cells
Factory analogy:
The ‘BOSS’ --management/ CEO
CELL MEMBRANE
• ALL CELLS HAVE
CELL MEMBRANE
– PROTECTS CELL
– CONTROLS WHAT
ENTERS AND EXITS
CELL
– CONSISTS OF 2LAYERS OF LIPIDS
AND PROTEIN
CHANNELS
• In both PLANT and
ANIMAL cells
FACTORY ANALOGY:
Security or doors
CELL WALL
• PROTECTS the cell
and provides
SUPPORT structure (at
cellular level) for plant
cells
• In PLANT cells and
some bacterial cells
FACTORY ANALOGY
outside walls
or
structure of the building
CYTOPLASM
• Cytoplasm is the contents of
the cell that is inside the
membrane but outside the
nucleus.
• Suspends the other cell
parts such as ribosomes,
mitochondria, nucleus, etc.
• Essentially water with
dissolved substances.
• In both PLANT and ANIMAL
cells
FACTORY ANALOGY
Internal walls and ceilings
CYTOSKELETON
• Network of protein
filaments that helps a
cell to maintain its
shape
• Also involved in
transport around cell
• In both PLANT and
ANIMAL cells
FACTORY ANALOGY:
Beams that support the walls & ceilings
or
Transportation system
MITOCHONDRIA
• FUNCTIONS: ‘POWER
HOUSE’ OF CELL
(‘mighty mitochondria”)
– CONVERTS ENERGY
(GLUCOSE) INTO
USABLE FORM (ATP)
FOR CELL
• In both PLANT and
ANIMAL cells
• Note: 1 mitochondrion,
multiple mitochondria
FACTORY ANALOGY:
power supply/ generators
CHLOROPLASTS
FUNCTION: CONVERT
SUNLIGHT ENERGY INTO
SUGAR (GLUCOSE) via
photosynthesis
– GREEN because of
PIGMENT
CHLOROPHYLL
FACTORY ANALOGY
solar panels
RIBOSOMES
• FUNCTION:
PROTIENS
MANUFACTURING
• SOME ARE ‘FREE’
AND SOME ARE
ATTACHED TO
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM (ER)
• IN BOTH PLANT
AND ANIMAL CELLS
FACTORY ANALOGY
WORKERS
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
• There are two types of endoplasmic
reticulum (rough and smooth)
• FUNCTION: assembles lipids, proteins,
and other molecules for transport to other
parts of cell or for export from the cell
• In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells
• FACTORY ANALOGY: assembly line
GOLGI APPARATUS
also known as ‘golgi bodies’
• FUNCTION: modifies,
sorts, packages and
labels materials
• In both PLANT and
ANIMAL cells
FACTORY ANALOGY:
Mailroom/ shipping or warehouse
LYSOSOMES
• FUNCTION: CLEANUP CREW OF CELL
– Breaks down waste
and other molecules
for disposal/ recycling
– Contain digestive
enzymes that break
down waste
• In both PLANT &
ANIMAL cells
• FACTORY ANALOGY: custodians/
recycling
VACUOLES
FUNCTION: PROVIDES A
PLACE FOR STORAGE
– CONTAINS MAINLY
WATER, SALT,
NUTRIENTS AND WASTE
PRODUCTS
– THE ‘CENTRAL
VACUOLE’ IN PLANT
CELLS’ OCCUPIES ¾ OF
CELL VOLUME
• Primarily in plant cells,
but also some animal
cells
• FACTORY ANALOGY: Storage rooms for
extra supplies, overstock