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Ancient Greece and You
What You Need to Know About Those
Wild and Crazy Greeks in One
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Fight the Persians Like a Greek
Greco-Persian Wars 499-449 BCE
• Ionian Revolt (499-493 BCE)
– Led Darius to exert greater
control
– Wants to punish Athens and
Eritrea
• Darius mounts the attack (490
BCE)
– Successfully takes Eritrea
– Defeated at the Battle of
Marathon by Athens
• Second Persian Invasion (480
BCE)
– Xerxes I takes over w/ huge
army
– Defeats Allied Greek states at
Thermopylae
• Overrun Greece
• Persian Navy defeated at Salamis
– By 478 BCE, Persia had been
kicked out as far as Byzantium
• Delian League
– Athens led (anti-Sparta)
– Continued to push out the
Persians
• Peace of Callias Ends the War
The Persian Wars
Be Golden Like the Greeks (Or at Least
Athens) 480-404 BCE
• Pericles (445 BCE)
– Non-wealthy could hold
public office, paid jury
duty, interest in public life
• Athenian Democracy
– The Assembly
• All citizens voices could be
heard
– Providing for the Citizen
• Social welfare, jobs, public
workers
• Trade and Commerce
– Need to import food due
to environment
– Primarily based on sea
lanes
– Export of manufactured
goods
• Education
– Women stayed home
– Men learned to read,
write, philosophize, and
train for the military
Think Like a Greek
• Greek Philosophy
– Use of Reason and Logic
– Look at the world
around you
(observation)
– Attempts to explain the
process of power and
the natural world
• Think the geocentric
theory devised by
observation
Rule Like a Greek
• Advantage
– Encouraged civil discourse,
education of the public,
and progress
– Allowed for peaceful
overthrow of gov’t
• Disadvantage
– Slowed the decision
making process (Socrates
and Aristotle)
– Not everyone could vote
– Stupid people could vote
too
• Demos-kratos
(Democracy)
– Power of the people
• Direct democracy
– Votes by all citizens over 20
– Led to problem with
representing peasants
• Representative
democracy emerges
– Representatives from
villages would represent
food producers in the
Assembly of Citizens
Build Like a Greek
• Temples
– Columns, Open-Air
– Used for cult worship of
gods (deity statues)
• Open-Air Theatre
– Usually carved into the
hillside (utilizing
environment)
• Sport Arenas
– Hippodromes,
gymnasiums, stadiums!
Temple of Artemis
Pediment
Open Air
Columns
Colorful
Greek Theatre
Sporting Events
Be Great Like the Greeks (or at least
Alexander)
• Alexander the Great (356323 BCE)
• Macedonian Prince
– Great military leader
– Daddy issues (Philip II)
• Long road of conquest
– Defeats the Persians
(Darius III)
– Controls from the Adriatic
Sea to the Indus River
• Know When to Stop
– Wanted to conquer India
– Troops were tired of
fighting
• Alexander turns back (keep
the troops happy!)
• Legacy
– Encouraged intermarriage
and colonization by the
Greeks
– Hellenistic culture spreads
eastward as a result
Alexander’s Empire
Examples of Hellenism in the East
Fall Like the Greeks
• Death of Alexander Leads
to Breakup of Empire
–
–
–
–
Ptolemaic (Egypt)
Seleucid (Meso/Persia)
Antigonid (Macedonia)
City-states wrestle for
power
• 2 Leagues Form and Fight
– Achaean (Thebes, Corinth,
Argo)
– Aetolian (Athens, Sparta)
• Rome takes advantage
and conquers (146 BCE)