Download Genetic Changes = Mutations

Genetic Changes = Mutations
Answer Key - Study Guide Textbook 11.3
1. Mutation … a change in one’s DNA
2.
a. errors in DNA replication
b. errors in DNA transcription
c. errors in cell division (mitosis)
3. A mutation occurring in a sex cell could result in:
a. a new trait in the offspring
b. a malfunctioning protein
c. embryo might not survive
d. structural problems
4. false
5. Similarities: both involve DNA
Both might result in either positive or negative
Differences: Body cell DNA mutations affect the individual
Sex cell DNA mutations affect the next generation
6. cancer … uncontrolled cell division
7. Point mutation: a change in a single N-base pair in DNA
a. End result: a change in ONE of the amino acids in the sequence
b. THE DOG BIT THE CAT
c. THE DOG BIT THE CAR (each word is representing an amino acid. The whole sentence
represents a protein
d. Sickle cell anemia is an example of a disease caused by this very tiny DNA error
8. Frameshift mutation:
a. a single base is added or deleted in the DNA sequence
b. resulting in every amino acid being different after the addition or deletion
c. --9. Chromosome mutation: any structural change in a DNA molecule
10. Diagram
a. Deletion … chromosome bases left out
b. Insertion … chromosome bases added
c. Inversion … chromosome bases flip upside down
d. Translocation … a break-off part from one chromosome inserts itself in another
11. mutagen … any agent that causes any one of the previous possible changes in the sequence of bases
in a DNA molecule
radiation
a. X-rays b. cosmic rays c. ultraviolet (sun) light d. nuclear radiation
i. This form of energy causes damage and DNA to break apart
Chemical
a. dioxins b. asbestos c. benzene d. formaldehyde
i. These chemically react with DNA to cause changes in the base sequence
12. Enzymes
13. G2 stage
14. S stage 15. Individual answers
Multiple Choice Q’s
6. C.
12. A.
7. B
13. B
8. A.
20. D
9. D.
21. A
10. C.
22. A
11. A.
23. C
24. C