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Mutations
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RNA
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Category 1 questions follow
Question
Identify the types of chromosome changes.
a. Topcat  otpcat
b. Bluehat  bluenight
c. fatcat- atcat
Answer
Identify the types of chromosome changes.
a.
Topcat  otpcat
Inversion - backwards
a.
Bluehat  bluenight
translocation- from different chromosome
a.
fatcat- atcat
deletion -missing a letter
Question
If a nucleotide is added or removed from a DNA molecule
and mRNA is created, the codons after the mutation will
not be read correctly. This is called a ___________
mutation.
a. Frame shift mutation
b. Lethal
c. Point
d. More than one of these is correct
Answer
If a nucleotide is added or removed from a DNA
molecule and mRNA is created, the codons after the
mutation will not be read correctly. This is called a
___________ mutation.
a. Frame shift mutation
b. Lethal
c. Point
d. More than one of these is correct
Question
A change in a single base pair of the DNA molecule that
affects the synthesis of an entire protein is called a(n)
____________________mutation
a. Chromosomal
b. Point
c. Somatic
Answer
A change in a single base pair of the DNA molecule that
affects the synthesis of an entire protein is called a(n)
____________________mutation
a. Chromosomal
b. Point
c. Somatic
Point mutations are single base changes, that do not
affect the reading frame; that is, the mutation only
makes a single change in a single codon, and
everything else is undisturbed.
Frameshift mutations alter the reading frame of the DNA. They come
in two flavors:
•Insertion: This mutation inserts a base pair (or more) into the DNA,
shifting everything to the right or left
•Deletion: This mutation deletes a base pair (or more), shifting
everything the opposite direction of the insertion.
An altered reading frame will generate stop codons
Question
When parts of chromosomes are broken off and lost
during mitosis or meiosis, the result is a(n)
____________________.
Answer
When parts of chromosomes are broken off and lost
during mitosis or meiosis, the result is a(n)
____________________.
chromosomal mutation
Question
These are examples of a
A. Frame shift mutation
B. Point mutation
Answer
These are examples of a
A. Frame shift mutation
B. Point mutation
When talking about point mutations, it is important to remember which bases
are purines (A/G) and which are pyrimidines (C/T). When a point mutation causes a
purine to convert to another purine (for example, C to T), this is known as
a transition. When a point mutation changes a purine to a pyrimidine, or vice versa, (i.e.,
A to T), this is known as a transversion.
Category 2 questions follow
Question
The backbone of DNA is composed of
a. Nitrogen base pairs
b. Hydrogen bonds
c. Deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups
d. All of these compose the backbone of DNA
Answer
The backbone of DNA is composed of
a. Nitrogen base pairs
b. Hydrogen bonds
c. Deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups
d. All of these compose the backbone of DNA
Question
Watson & Crick with the information gained from
Rosalind Franklin’s research, determined that ______
a. DNA carries our genetic code
b. The shape of DNA is a double helix
c. Mendel’s punnet square can still be used today
d. All of these are correct
Answer
Watson & Crick with the information gained from
Rosalind Franklin’s research, determined that ______
a. DNA carries our genetic code
b. The shape of DNA is a double helix
c. Mendel’s punnet square can still be used today
d. All of these are correct
Question
DNA can be damaged by agents
called mutagens.
Examples include:
a. xrays,
b. Uv light
c. Radiation
d. All of these
Answer
DNA can be damaged by
agents called mutagens.
Examples include:
a. xrays,
b. Uv light
c. Radiation
d. All of these
Question
A mutation to DNA in a germ cell is different than a
somatic cell because
a. Skin mutations cause cancer
b. Germ cell mutations can be carried by offspring
c. Both are correct
Answer
A mutation to DNA in a germ cell is different
than a somatic cell because
a. Skin mutations cause cancer
b. Germ cell (gametes) mutations can be carried
by offspring
c. Both are correct
Question
Which is not correct?
a. Nucleotides match up in a specific sequence to carry our genetic
code
b. Nitrogen bases match with complimentary bases to copy DNA
c. The chromosome abnormality that occurs when part of one
chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome is
translocation.
d. All are correct
Answer
Which is not correct?
a. Nucleotides match up in a specific sequence to carry our
genetic code
b. Nitrogen bases match with complimentary bases to copy
DNA
c. The chromosome abnormality that occurs when part of one
chromosome breaks off and is added to a different
chromosome is translocation.
d. All are correct
Category 3 questions follow
Question
Which is not correctly matched?
a. Translation ; mRNA  proteins
b. Duplication; DNA  DNA
c. Transcription; DNA  mRNA
Answer
Which is not correctly matched?
a. Translation ; mRNA  proteins
b. Duplication Replication; DNA  DNA
c. Transcription; DNA  mRNA
Question
An RNA molecule is a polymer composed of
subunits known as _____.
a. Nucleotides
b. Hydrogen bonds
c. Deoxyribose - phosphate bonds
Answer
An RNA molecule is a polymer composed of subunits
known as _____.
a.
Nucleotides
b.
Hydrogen bonds
c.
Deoxyribose - phosphate bonds
Question
What does the string of beads
produced after the tRNA and
mRNA match up produce?
a. Amino acids
b. Proteins
c. The amino acid string forms
proteins
Answer
What does the string of beads
produced after the tRNA and
mRNA match up produce?
a. Amino acids
b. Proteins
c. The amino acid string forms
proteins
Question
What structures are
composed of RNA?
Answer
What structures are
composed of RNA?
rRNA- Ribosome
mRNA
rRNA
Question
What is the overall goal
of the processes
indicated?
Answer
What is the overall goal of
the processes indicated?
Produce a protein
Category 4 questions follow
Question
Label the nitrogen bases
Answer
Label the nitrogen bases
A-T
G-C
Question
Identify a codon
Answer
Circle/label a codon
a. Any 3 nitrogen bases,
connected and on one side
Question
Label the sugars and phosphates
Answer
Sugars are 5 sided
The phosphates are circles
Question
Identify a nucleotide
(hint: 3 parts)
Answer
Identify a nucleotide
• A phosphate
• a deoxyribose sugar,
• And 1 nitrogen base
Question
Where does this occur?
What process is indicated?
Answer
Where does this occur? Ribosomes
What process is indicated? Translation
Category 5 questions follow
Question
Which of the following can NOT be found in DNA?
a. adenine-guanine
b. Cytosine-thymine
c. Adenine-uracil
d. None of these matches occur
Answer
Which of the following nitrogen base matches can be
found in DNA?
a. adenine-guanine
b. Cytosine-thymine
c. Adenine-uracil
d. None of these matches occur
Question
What process is indicated?
a. Transcription
b. Translation
c. Replication
Answer
What process is indicated?
a. Transcription
b. Translation
c. Replication
Question
Which occurs first?
a. Translation
b. transcription
Answer
Which occurs first?
a. Translation
b. transcription
Question
Where can the rRNA and
tRNA be found?
a. Nucleus
b. Cytoplasm
Answer
Where can the rRNA and
tRNA be found?
a. Nucleus
b. Cytoplasm
Question
Which is a purine?
a. Cytosine
b. Thymine
c. adenine
Answer
Which is a purine?
a. Cytosine
b. Thymine
c. adenine