Download Ch 8 Nervous System Test 1. In a neuron, short, branching

Ch 8 Nervous System Test
1. In a neuron, short, branching cytoplasmic extensions that receive information and carry it to
the cell body are called
a. dendrites.
b. axons.
c. cell bodies.
d. nissl bodies.
e. a myelin sheath.
2. Axons
a. may branch to form collateral axons.
b. have an axon hillock which is devoid of nissl bodies.
c. are often surrounded by a myelin sheath.
d. carry action potentials away from the cell body.
e. have all of these characteristics.
3. Which of these is NOT a type of neuroglia cell?
a. astrocyte
b. microglia
c. ganglionic cell
d. Schwann cell
e. ependymal cell
4. Gaps between segments of oligodendrocytes or between individual Schwann cells are called
a. ganglia.
b. microglia.
c. nodes of Ranvier.
d. ependymal cells.
e. nerve tracts.
5. White matter of the central nervous system
a. is formed by nerve cell bodies and their dendrites.
b. is formed by bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths.
c. forms the cortex of the brain.
d. forms nuclei deep within the brain.
e. have all of these properties
6. Cluster of neuron cell bodies located in the CNS are called
a. nuclei.
b. nerve tracts.
c. nerves.
D. ganglia.
e. nodes of Ranvier
7. The resting membrane potential
a. occurs because the cell membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than sodium ions.
b. partly results from the sodium-potassium exchange pump.
c. occurs because the cell membrane remains polarized at rest.
d. occurs because there are negatively charged proteins and ions inside the cell.
e. has all of these contributing factors.
8. An action potential occurs
a. if the membrane potential reaches a threshold value.
b. when negative proteins and ions rapidly enter the cell.
c. when the inside of the cell becomes negative compared to the outside.
d. when there is repolarization.
e. All of these are correct.
9. Action Potentials (A.P.)
a. normally decay rapidly as they spread through a cell.
b. vary inversely in amplitude with the magnitude of stimulus that triggers A.P.
c. vary directly in amplitude with the magnitude of the stimulus that triggers them.
d. do not vary in amplitude with the size of the stimulus that triggers the A.P.
e. None of these are true characteristics of A.P.
10. Chemical substances released from the presynaptic terminal
a. bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
b. may inhibit or stimulate an action potential in the postsynaptic membrane depending on the
receptors.
c. are normally broken down by enzymes located in the synapse.
d. are called neurotransmitters.
e. have all of these propertie
11. A reflex
a. is an involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus.
b. allows a person to react to stimuli more quickly.
c. is a form of negative feedback response.
d. conducts signals from the periphery to the spinal cord then back to the periphery.
e. All of these are true of a reflex.
12. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of
a. the brain.
b. the spinal cord.
c. all the nerves and ganglia outside of the spinal cord.
d. the white and grey matter and the spinal cord.
e. the white matter and the ganglia.
13. The posterior (dorsal) horns of the spinal cord contain
a. sensory neurons.
b. motor neurons.
c. sympathetic autonomic neurons.
d. nerve tracts.
e. white matter.
14. There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves and _____ pairs of spinal nerves.
a. 31, 10
b. 12, 31
c. 31, 12
d. 12, 24
e. 10, 12
15. Below are given the steps of the patellar reflex arc. What is the correct order of events from
the time the hammer taps the patellar ligament to the knee jerk response?
1) The leg extends at the knee.
2) Sensory neurons conduct the action potentials to the spinal cord.
3) Motor neurons are stimulated and generate an action potential.
4) Sensory neurons synapse with motor neurons in the spinal cord.
5) The AP travels to the quadriceps femoris and cause it to contract.
6) Sensory receptors in the muscle detect the stretch of the tendon and muscles.
a. 3, 4, 6, 2, 5, 1
B. 6, 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
c. 5, 3, 6, 2, 4, 1
d. 6, 5, 4, 2, 3, 1
e. 1, 5, 3, 4, 2, 6
16. After a car accident, the ER doctor uses a hammer to test your patellar reflex response. You
have no initial knee jerk response but after 2 weeks your response is exaggerated. What does it
indicate?
a. The neurons within the brain or spinal cord that modify this reflex have been damaged.
b. The neurons within the periphery have been damaged.
c. Your cerebral cortex was damaged but has since re-routed your spinal reflexes.
d. Your spine had been severed but has since regrown.
e. The withdrawal reflex has taken over the stretch reflex function.
17. Spinal nerves
a. are organized into plexuses, except for T2 to T11.
b. contain both afferent and efferent fibers.
c. mostly exit between adjacent vertebrae.
d. have both autonomic and somatomotor efferent fibers.
e. have all of these characteristics.
18. The part of the brainstem that regulates heart rate, breathing, swallowing, coughing, and
sneezing is
a. the cerebrum.
b. the medulla oblongata.
c. the pons.
d. the midbrain.
e. the spinal cord.
19. Which of these is NOT a component of the diencephalon?
a. thalamus
b. pons
c. pineal body
d. hypothalamus
e. All of these are components of the diencephalon.
20. Most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brainstem projects to the
a. pineal body.
b. hypothalamus.
c. thalamus.
d. mammillary bodies.
e. colliculi
21. The part of the epithalamus that is an endocrine gland, is located posterior to the thalamus,
and may influence puberty, is the
a. reticular formation.
b. midbrain.
c. mammillary bodies.
d. pineal body.
e. infundibulum.
22. The most inferior portion of the diencephalon, which is very important in control of body
temperature, hunger, and thirst, and also controls the pituitary gland is the
a. cerebrum.
b. hypothalamus.
c. mammillary bodies.
d. pineal body.
e. infundibulum.
23. Numerous raised folds on the surface of each cerebral hemisphere are called
a. gyri.
b. sulci.
c. fissures.
d. lobes.
e. pineal bodies.
24. The deep groove that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres from each other is the
a. longitudinal fissure.
b. lateral sulcus.
c. lateral fissure.
d. central sulcus.
e. infundibulum.
25. The right cerebral hemisphere (in most people)
a. controls the activity of, and receives sensory input from the left side of the body.
b. contains the language centers.
c. is the analytical half of the cerebrum.
d. has a larger volume and mass than the left cerebral hemisphere
e. has all of these properties.
26. The cerebellum
a. has no gyri or sulci.
b. acts as an agonist as one of its major functions.
c. is involved in balance, maintenance of muscle tone, and coordination of fine motor movement.
d. is stimulated by alcohol.
e. acts as an agonist as one of its major functions and is involved in balance, maintenance of
muscle tone, and coordination of fine motor movement.
27. The thickest and most superficial of the meninges is the
a. pia mater.
b. arachnoid layer.
c. dura mater.
d. choroid plexus.
e. dural sinus.
28. The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
a. is involved in vegetative activities, such as digestion, urination, and defecation.
b. has postganglionic cell bodies in terminal ganglia, located either near or within target organs.
c. has both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons that secrete acetylcholine.
d. has preganglionic cell bodies located in cranial and sacral areas.
e. has all of these characteristics.
29. Disruption of the blood supply causing death of parts of the brain also causes the group of
clinical conditions referred to as
a. a myocardial infarction (a heart attack).
b. senile dementia.
c. Parkinson's disease.
d. a cerebrovascular accident (a stroke).
e. multiple sclerosis.
30. The central nervous system disorder characterized by seizures (massive neuronal discharges)
and, when motor pathways are affected, convulsions (involuntary muscle contractions) is
a. epilepsy.
b. Huntington's chorea.
c. migraine headache.
d. alzheimer's disease.
e. cerebral palsy.
31. The _________ consists of the brain and spinal cord.
a. central nervous system
b. somatic motor nervous system
c. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
d. parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
e. afferent division of the peripheral nervous system
32. The ________ is the efferent subdivision that transmits impulses from CNS to skeletal
muscle.
a. central nervous system
b. somatic motor nervous system
c. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
d. parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
e. afferent division of the peripheral nervous system
33. Which type of cell is composed of one dendrite and one axon, and is found in the eye and
nose?
a. unipolar neuron
b. Schwann cell
c. bipolar neuron
d. multipolar neuron
e. pyramidal cell
34. Which type of cell has several dendrites and one axon? Most motor neurons fit into this
classification.
a. unipolar neuron
b. Schwann cell
c. bipolar neuron
d. multipolar neuron
e. pyramidal cell
35. The neuroglial cells that are the major supporting tissue in the CNS and forms the bloodbrain barrier are the
a. astrocytes.
b. ependymal cells.
c. microglia.
d. oligodendrocytes.
e. Schwann cell.
36. When a doctor gives a patient epidural anesthesia, they are inserting a needle between which
two structures?
a. pia mater and arachnoid mater
b. body of the vertebrae and dura mater
c. spinal cord and arachnoid mater
d. periosteum and dura mater
e. dorsal root ganglion and the transverse process
37. The effects of aging on the nervous system include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. decrease in the number of sensory neurons
b. neuronal function decreases
c. decrease in the number of motor neurons
d. size and weight of brain decreases
e. Neuron plasma membranes become more flexible therefore increasing the ability of the
neurons to function.