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Neural networks in relay nuclei integrate sensory information from multiple receptors. A. Sensory information is transmitted in the central nervous system through hierarchical processing networks. A stimulus to the skin is registered by a large group of postsynaptic neurons in relay nuclei in the brain stem and thalamus, but most strongly by neurons in the center of the array (red neuron). The receptive field of an individual relay neuron is larger than that of any of the presynaptic sensory neurons because of the convergent connections. (Adapted, with permission, from Dudel 1983.) B. Inhibition (gray areas) mediated by local interneurons confines excitation (orange area) to the central zone where stimulation is strongest, enhancing the contrast between strongly and weakly stimulated relay neurons. Source: Sensory Coding, Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon C. InhibitoryCitation: interneurons in a relay nucleus are activated three distinct Feed-forward is produced the afferent fibers Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM,by Siegelbaum SA,excitatory Hudspethpathways. AJ, Mack S. Principles ofinhibition Neural Science, Fifth by Editon; 2012 Available of receptors that terminate on the inhibitory interneurons. Feedback inhibition is produced by recurrent collateral axons of neurons in the output pathway at: http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 13, 2017 from the nucleus. The interneurons in turn inhibit nearby Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. Alloutput rights neurons, reserved creating sharply defined zones of excitatory and inhibitory activity in the nucleus. In this way the most active relay neurons reduce the output of adjacent, less active neurons, permitting a winner-take-all strategy that ensures that only