Download auxiliary verb - WordPress.com

As you come in….
• What is a verb?
• Identify the verbs in the following sentences
(note – often there is more than one):
I am having a party.
I have written a novel.
Can I come round yours for tea?
Are we still going to the cinema this weekend?
My sister loves eating pizza.
EXTENSION – Do you know what type of verbs they
are?
Lesson focus: verbs and verb phrases
Lesson objectives:
To identify different types of verb
To construct verb phrases
• Feedback from as you come in… task
Starter – main and auxiliary verbs
• Finite Verbs - A finite verb (sometimes called main
verbs) is a verb that has a subject, this means that it
can be the main verb in a sentence. It shows tense
(past / present etc) or number (singular / plural). For
example:- I live in Germany. (I is the subject - live
describes what the subject does - live is a finite verb).
• Non-Finite Verbs A non-finite verb has no subject,
tense or number. The only non-finite verb forms are
the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the
participle. For example:- I travelled to Germany to
improve my German. (To improve is in the infinitive
form)
Starter – finite/main VS auxiliary verbs
• An auxiliary verb is a verb that adds functional or
grammatical meaning to the clause in which it
appears—for example, to express tense, aspect,
modality, voice, emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs
usually accompany a main verb. The main verb
provides the main semantic content of the clause.
• An example is the verb have in the sentence I have
finished my dinner. Here, the main verb is finish,
and the auxiliary have helps to express the perfect
tense aspect. Some sentences contain a chain of
two or more auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are
also called helping verbs, helper verbs, or (verbal)
auxiliaries.
Identify the finite/main and auxiliary verbs in
the sentences below:
1. I will have the soup
2. Police are investigating the incident
3. It is very peaceful here
4. Where does your brother work?
5. They have decided to advertise your job
6. He does his homework on the way to school
Modal verbs
Modal verbs are verbs used to show if we believe something is
certain, probable or possible (or not). We also use modals to do
things like talking about ability, asking permission making requests
and offers, and so on.
Can
May
Shall
Will
could
might
should
would
Write a sentence using a modal verb to:
1. Show you believe that something is certain
2. Show that you think that something is probable
3. Show that you think something is possible
4. Talk about someone/something’s ability
5. Asking permission for something
6. Make an offer for something
Verb phrases
• In a similar way to a noun phrase, a verb phrase is
build around a head word, the finite/main verb.
Verb phrases are generally less complex than
noun phrases, but can, in addition to main verbs,
include auxiliary verbs (that show tense) or
modal verbs (that show someone’s degree of
commitment) Examples:
• I have eaten an entire cake.
• You should have completed your home learning
by now.
• I will have finished my work by the end of the
lesson.
Verb phrases
• Spot the verb phrases in the below sentences:
1. Selena should have been driving with more care, for then
she would not have gotten her third ticket this year.
2. Joan has written her report.
3. Gene will always do his work on time.
4. They have enjoyed themselves.
5. You have been working hard.
6. He will take you to school.
7. Now write two sentences of your own with verb phrases
NOTE – adverbs, although modifiers, are NOT part of a verb
phrase (unlike adjectives in noun phrases)
Quiz
• British Council Quiz
• Go to the back of your books and complete
the quiz on your own
Sub-classes of auxiliary verb
• Auxiliary verbs can be broken down into two
different sub-classes
1. Primary auxiliary verbs – an auxiliary verb
that shows tense (like be, do and have)
2. Modal auxiliary verb – an auxiliary verb that
shows a degree of commitment towards an
event or person that a speaker holds (may,
could and must)
Least
forceful
Development
Most
forceful
• It is possible to place modal auxiliary verbs along a continuum to
show degrees of strength towards a commitment. Using the
contextual information provided, place the four auxiliaries below in
order of force. Then,
1. Write the sentences in your books (in order of force)
2. Identify the verb phrase in each sentence
3. Identify what type of verb each verb is in the sentence
4. Think of an occasion when a speaker/text producer might choose
one form over another. What might influence their choice?
•
•
•
•
England should win the rugby world cup.
England will win the rugby world cup.
England might win the rugby world cup.
England must win the rugby world cup.
Extension – imperative verbs
• Commands / directions
• List as many different types of text as you can
that use quite a lot of imperative verbs
• CHALLENGE - sweet treats for anyone next
lesson who comes up with more than five.
EXTENSION EXTENSION
A verb can be dynamic or stative.
A dynamic verb is one which relates to action e.g. to run; to hit; to speak.
A stative verb is one which expresses states of being or thought processes rather than actions
e.g. to be; to seem; to know; to mean. They are not usually used in the continuous tenses
(ing).
They usually relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being and
measurements.
Exercise 1
Identify the verb and its subject in each sentence. State whether the verb is
dynamic or stative.
The baby slept.
A huge bridge spanned the lake.
The best man made a speech.
The postman arrived.
The children picked blackberries.
The black cat lying in her basket with her three kittens slept peacefully.
The girl read her essay brilliantly.
Idle students seem to fail their exams.
I know what to do.
She wished that the tooth fairy would come.