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Communication Applications Chapter 6 Toward Effective Listening Understanding the Listening Process Why learn about listening? – Because we spend so much of our time listening, it is important that we learn to listen well. Define Listening – a physical and psychological process that involves acquiring, assigning meaning, and responding to symbolic messages from others. Importance of Listening – School – Relationships – Social Groups & Organizations – Public – Workplace Consequences and Benefits of listening – Faulty listening can lead to failing a class. – Being safe, or getting hurt either at school, or the workplace Misconceptions About Listening Listening and hearing are the same thing. Listening is easy or automatic. Listening develops naturally. Anyone can listen well if he or she really tries. The speaker is primarily responsible for the message and for the success of the interaction. If that’s what I heard, that that’s what you said. Attitude and listening are unrelated. People remember most of what they hear. Table on page 175 Analyzing the Listening Process Acquiring – the act of picking up some type of stimulus through the senses– usually it starts with hearing. Attending – the act of choosingconsciously or unconsciously-to focus your attention on verbal or nonverbal stimuli. Understanding – a complex mental process that involves decoding, interpreting, and assigning meaning to the symbolic message received. Responding – the listener’s internal emotional and intellectual reaction to a message. – Responding leads to feedback. Factors that Affect the Listening Process Noise – the internal & external distractions that interfere with listening and concentration. Barriers – can prevent or block effective communication. Memory – the process of retaining or recalling information. – Immediate – Short term – Long term Using Feedback to analyze listening Developing Listening Skills Characteristics of Listening – Active Listening–the listener participates fully in the communication process – Passive Listening–the listener does not actively participate in interactions – Impatient Listening-short bursts of active listening are interrupted by noise and other distractions Competent Communicators avoid passive and impatient listening and are mostly active listeners. Kinds of Listening Critical Listening-to comprehend ideas and information in order to achieve a specific purpose or goal Deliberative Listening-to understand, analyze, and evaluate messages so you can accept or reject a POV, make a decision, or take action Empathic Listening-to understand, participate in, and enhance a relationship Appreciative Listening-to enjoy, or appreciate, a speaker’s message Communication Strategies Improving Attending Skills Evaluate the communication situation by determining what is important and what should be attended. Adjust your attitude to expect the message to be interesting or rewarding Turn off other thoughts and focus your energy on the sender’s message. Determine what you have to gain from focusing your attention and listening. Ignore outside distractions. Bring you attention back to the speaker when you realize that your mind is wandering. Stay focused and maintain our concentration. Communication Strategies Improving Decoding Skills Build our speaking and listening vocabularies to help with listening. Use perception checks to clarify a sender’s use of words and nonverbal behaviors. Assume responsibility for your own listening and language skills rather than always expecting others to adjust their messages for you. Communication Strategies Checking Interpretations Check factors in your “filter system” that influences your interpretation of messages. Remember, factors like feelings and needs can change momentarily. Make a habit of asking yourself, “Is this what the sender is really saying or is this merely what I am hearing?” and “Are there other interpretations that I am overlooking?” Ask questions to gain more information and increase your understanding before finalizing your interpretations. Take responsibility for your personal interpretations and remain open and flexible to adapt and adjust. Communication Strategies Improving Responding Skills Monitor, analyze, and evaluate your emotional and intellectual reaction. Consider possible alternative reactions. Consider basis standards of appropriateness and balance the rewards and consequences of alterative responses. Take responsibility for your chosen response. Consider all responses before giving feedback. Adapt and adjust your messages according to the feedback you receive. Choose words that are clear to the listener. Communication Strategies Improving Memory Skills Concentrate on each message as you are receiving it. Use calendars, lists, or notes as reminders. Summarize, rehearse, repeat, or write information to seal it in your memory. Form mental associations and organize elements of information into related memory clusters. Try to learn new information in small portions rather than all at once, as in cramming for a test.
