Download Rome Greece - Architectural Design Program

Study Guide for Quiz 2
Greece
Rome
Culture:
▫ The “Classical Age” was this Athenian generation,
5th Century BC
▫ Greek culture manifested itself in:
▫ Art & architecture
▫ Customs and laws
▫ God-system, theatre, literature and Myth
▫ Greeks, obsessed with beauty as defined through
▫ Scale, proportion, balance, color
▫ Mathematics, rules and function
▫ Axioms: “Know thyself”, and “nothing in excess”
Culture: ▫ Much of Rome’s culture had its origins in Ancient Greece ▫ Rome adopted the orders and added the Compo‐
site (larger, combining the Ionic & Corinthian) ▫ The Romans were outward‐looking seeking to conquer the World ▫ Mythically, Ramos and Romulus were saved by a she‐wolf and founded Rome Architecture:
▫ The Greek Orders were developed, an order meaning a building’s base, column style and diameter,
entablature and pediment (roof)
▫ The Orders include:
Doric, Ionic & Corinthian
▫ Delphi was host to the God Apollo and the Oracle,
getting its name from the dolphin Apollo transformed into to save the people at sea
▫ Architectural refinement manifested itself on the
Acropolis where they built the Parthenon, Erechtheum, and Propylaea
▫ Pericles was the elected leader of Greece during
this period, called the golden or “Hellenistic” age
▫ Parthenon (Doric) was a web of mathematical optical corrections named for Athena Parthenos, who
fought Poseidon for Athens
▫ Erechtheum was a smaller, detailed Ionic temple
that used “Caryatid” columns (women in repose) to
hold the south porch roof
▫ The primary architects were Ictinus, Callicrates
and Mnesicles, while Phidias was the master sculptor in charge of art program
Detail:
▫ Greek Mythology and Gods underpin all architectural development
▫ The Greeks were inward-looking people who saw
the rest of the world as barbaric
▫ Ancient Greece was a maritime, sea-faring culture
that was a collection of city-states unified for the
greater purpose
▫ Skill and craft of work was a reaction to their quest
for beauty and perfection
▫ The architecture was actually very colorful, the entablature and pediments often painted with primary
colors
Architecture: ▫ Roman architecture advanced engineering ▫ Scale and large spa al enclosure showed Roman power ▫ The Romans brought the temple down into the streetscape ▫ Concrete was an inven on of the Roman Empire ▫ Roman architecture developed the “engaged col‐
umn” ▫ Emperors constructed “triumphal arches” ▫ Hadrian built the Pantheon (later copied by Jefferson at UVA) ▫ The coliseum held over 50,000 spectators and could be flooded ▫ Aqueducts included Aqua Claudia & Pont du Gard ▫ Fountains provided water and cooled the public piazzas ▫ Roman baths were gi s to the community ▫ Rome exacerbated the use of the arch and dome Detail: ▫ The Empire consisted of most Europe and no. Af‐
rica ▫ The Ancient city was based around the Forum ▫ The main road was called the Apian Way