Download Szerkezetvizsgálati módszerek a biofizikában_2016_opt_mikr_1

Optikai mikroszkópok I.
Konjugált síkok a modern mikroszkópokban. Inverz,
fáziskontraszt, epifluoreszcens mikroszkópok. Fluoreszcens
fehérjék és optogenetika.
Irodalom: www.microscopyu.com
Modern mikroszkópok felépítése, végtelenre
korrigált optika
Konjugált síkok
Fáziskontraszt mikroszkóp
Fáziskontraszt mikroszkóp
Epifluoreszcens mikroszkóp
Fluoreszcens
fehérjék
A GFP szerkezete
EYFP vektor
The basic plasmid vector configuration useful in fluorescent
protein gene transfer experiments has several requisite
components. The plasmid must contain prokaryotic nucleotide
sequences coding for a bacterial replication origin for DNA and
an antibiotic resistance gene. These elements, often
termed shuttle sequences, allow propagation and selection of
the plasmid within a bacterial host to generate sufficient
quantities of the vector for mammalian transfections. In
addition, the plasmid must contain one or more eukaryotic
genetic elements that control the initiation of messenger RNA
transcription, a mammalian polyadenylation signal, an intron
(optional), and a gene for co-selection in mammalian cells.
Transcription elements are necessary for the mammalian host
to express the gene fusion product of interest, and the selection
gene is usually an antibiotic that bestows resistance to cells
containing the plasmid. These general features vary according
to plasmid design, and many vectors have a wide spectrum of
additional components suited for particular applications.
Brainbow
Optogenetika
Demonstration of single-component optogenetic control of neurons with microbial opsins4 was followed by corresponding
optogenetic terminology2 in October 2006, and corresponding optogenetic control of freely moving mammals using
microbial opsins and the fiberoptic neural interface9, 10. Also marked are identifications of bacteriorhodopsin3,
halorhodopsin5 and channelrhodopsin6, all of which were much later (2005–2010) shown to function as fast, singlecomponent optogenetic tools in neurons. Numbers indicate only publications searchable by 'optogenetics' or derivatives
thereof on 1 December 2010.
Optogenetika