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Simulating Protein Synthesis to create a CHNOPS!
Read the following to help you complete a successful CHNOPS organism.
 Genes are the units that determine inherited characteristics such as hair color as
blood type. Genes consist of DNA molecules that code for the proteins our cells
make. The sequence of nucleotides (and therefore the sequence of bases) in DNA
determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.
 During transcription, which takes place in the nucleus of the cell, messenger RNA
(mRNA) molecules are built along the DNA sequence into a single RNA strand.
mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosome where proteins are made.
 The 3-base codons in the mRNA strand will pair up with anticodons on the transfer
RNA (tRNA) molecules. Each tRNA carries an amino acid to the ribosome, and
these amino acids link together to form a protein. The process in which the original
DNA information (carried by the mRNA) is transferred into a protein is called
translation.
In this investigation you will simulate the process of transcription and translation to create
the proteins that will develop the characteristic traits of your CHNOPS. What is a
CHNOPS? It is a simple organism that contains only one chromosome. This
chromosome is made up of 6 genes (A, B, C, D, E, F). Each gene is responsible for a
certain trait of the organism. What does a CHNOPS look like? Well, that’s for you to
show us!
PROCEDURE:
1. To determine the trait for Gene A of your CHNOPS, notice the sequence of nucleotides
in the DNA. On the line provided, write the sequence of nucleotides of mRNA that are
complementary to DNA (this step represents transcription).
2. In order to determine the sequence of amino acids, use the codon chart to determine
your amino acid sequence, and record this in the data table (this step represents
translation).
3. Using the trait chart, find the trait that matches the amino acid sequence. Record the
information in the data table.
4. Repeat the steps for the remaining genes (B through F).
5. Complete the analysis questions and create a drawing of your CHNOPS. All CHNOPS
should contain school appropriate distinguishing marks. NO INAPPROPRIATE PARTS.
PROCEDURE: The chart below illustrates the two processes of protein synthesistranscription (DNA message to mRNA) and translation (mRNA translated into amino
acids). Fill in the missing blanks and use the Genetic Code Chart to determine the correct
amino acids coded by the mRNA codons.
1.
Order of DNA Message
Order of mRNA Codons
Amino Acids Coded by mRNA
CTT
GAA
Glutamic Acid
GCA
UCA
2.
3.
CTT
Tryptophan
4.
5.
GGG
UAA
6.
7.
CAT
AUC
8.
9.
CGA
10.
ATC
CAA
11.
12.
AAA
13.
UGA
14.
UUG
15.
ATG
Histidine
16.
17.
ACU
Amino Acid Sequence
Trait
Tryptophane, Proline, Isoleucine
BLACK SPOTS
Tryptophan, Valine, Isoleucine
STRIPES
Asparagine, Alanine
FOUR LEGS
Proline, Serine, Phenylalanine, Glycine
LONG TAIL
Valine, Serine, Phenylalanine, Glycine
NO TAIL
Lysine, Phenylalanine
CURLY HAIR
Lysine, Tyrosine
STRAIGHT HAIR
Proline, Glutamine, Alanine
RED SKIN
Proline, Glutamine, Glutamine
GREEN SKIN
Threonine, Threonine, Aspartatic Acid
MALE (baseball cap)
Threonine, Threonine, Leucine
FEMALE (bow in hair)
Draw your CHNOPS Below:
CHNOPS #:_________
Name: _______________________ Date: ________________ Period: _____
CHNOPS
#1
Transcribe and translate the following DNA codes to find out what characteristics your CHNOPS has.
Use the charts provided to determine the amino acid sequence and the protein traits of your CHNOPS.
Once you have determined the traits of your CHNOPS, build a model to show the class what it looks like.
Then answer the questions on the back of this sheet.
Gene A
DNA: ACC CAT TAT
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene B
DNA: TTG CGA
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene C
DNA: TTT ATG
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
______________________
_________________________
______________________
Trait _________________
Trait _________________
Trait ________________
Gene D
DNA: GGA GTT CGA
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene E
DNA: GGG AGG AAA CCC
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene F
DNA: TGT TGT CTA
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
______________________
_________________________
______________________
Trait _________________
Trait _________________
Trait ________________
Name: _______________________ Date: ________________ Period: _____
CHNOPS
#2
Transcribe and translate the following DNA codes to find out what characteristics your CHNOPS has.
Use the charts provided to determine the amino acid sequence and the protein traits of your CHNOPS.
Once you have determined the traits of your CHNOPS, build a model to show the class what it looks like.
Then answer the questions on the back of this sheet.
Gene A
DNA: ACC CAT TAT
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene B
DNA: TTG CGA
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene C
DNA: TTT AAA
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
______________________
_________________________
______________________
Trait _________________
Trait _________________
Trait ________________
Gene D
DNA: GGA GTT GTT
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene E
DNA: CAT AGG AAA CCC
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene F
DNA: TGT TGT AAT
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
______________________
_________________________
______________________
Trait _________________
Trait _________________
Trait ________________
Name: _______________________ Date: ________________ Period: _____
CHNOPS
#3
Transcribe and translate the following DNA codes to find out what characteristics your CHNOPS has.
Use the charts provided to determine the amino acid sequence and the protein traits of your CHNOPS.
Once you have determined the traits of your CHNOPS, build a model to show the class what it looks like.
Then answer the questions on the back of this sheet.
Gene A
DNA: ACC GGA TAT
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene B
DNA: TTG CGA
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene C
DNA: TTT AAG
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
______________________
_________________________
______________________
Trait _________________
Trait _________________
Trait ________________
Gene D
Gene E
DNA: GGA GTT CGG
DNA: GGT AGG AAA CCC
mRNA _________________
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene F
DNA: TGT TGT GAC
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
______________________
_________________________
______________________
Trait _________________
Trait _________________
Trait ________________
Name: _______________________ Date: ________________ Period: _____
CHNOPS
#4
Transcribe and translate the following DNA codes to find out what characteristics your CHNOPS has.
Use the charts provided to determine the amino acid sequence and the protein traits of your CHNOPS.
Once you have determined the traits of your CHNOPS, build a model to show the class what it looks like.
Then answer the questions on the back of this sheet.
Gene A
DNA: ACC GGA TAT
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene B
DNA: TTG CGA
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene C
DNA: TTT ATG
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
______________________
_________________________
______________________
Trait _________________
Trait _________________
Trait ________________
Gene D
DNA: GGA GTT GTT
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene E
DNA: CAT AGG AAA CCC
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
Gene F
DNA: TGT TGT CTA
mRNA _________________
Amino Acid Sequence
______________________
_________________________
______________________
Trait _________________
Trait _________________
Trait ________________