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World History/Cottrell Unit 1 Part 1 Study Guide Foundations of Civilizations & River Valley Civilizations Key Terms: Neolithic Revolution Domestication Surplus of food Catal Huyuk and Jericho Features that define civilization: Organized Governments Complex religions Job specialization Social classes Arts/architecture Public works Writing/ Record Keeping River Valley Civilizations: What rivers go with which civilization? (Refer to the map you created) Silt and fertile soil Ziggurat Polytheism Dynasty Cuneiform Hammurabi’s Code Pharaoh Bureaucracy Hieroglyphics Mandate of Heaven Papyrus Rosetta Stone Oracle bones Dynastic Cycle Key Questions: 1. Why did civilizations emerge in river valleys? 2. What achievements were accomplished in each of the four original river civilizations examined? (Specifically: the wheel and plow, number system based on 60, accurate calendar, knowledge of human anatomy and healing of wounds, sewage and plumbing, iron, coined money, catapult and cavalry) 3. Why did the roles of religion and government in society overlap so much at this time? Why did this overlap give rulers so much power? 4. Describe the most common structure of social classes at this time. What shape would you use to draw it? World Religions Key Terms: Hinduism Dharma Karma Samsara/reincarnation Moksha Atman Brahman Vedas Caste System Aryans and Sanskrit Devas Judaism Monotheism Torah/Talmud Abraham Patriarch Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path Nirvana Reincarnation Christianity Treatment of Jews in Rome Jesus of Nazareth Beliefs of Christianity Disciples Paul Martyrs Constantine Chinese Philosophies Confucius Analects 5 relationships Filial Piety Civil service exam Taoism/Daoism Ying yang Laozi Legalism Shi Huangdi Covenant Exodus 10 Commandments Canaan Moses/ Mosaic Law Diaspora Saul, David, Solomon Islam Pre-Islamic Arabia Mecca Medina Allah Hegira Muhammad Five Pillars Mosque Qur’an Shia (Shiite)/ Sunni “People of the Book” Caliph Key Questions: 1. How did the caste system extend beyond religious beliefs in Indian society and dictate all areas of life? 2. Explain how Confucian ideas tie into the Dynastic Cycle in China. 3. What do Judaism, Christianity and Islam have in common? 4. What does the phrase “People of the Book” mean and why is it significant to monotheism?
