Download 22-2 Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines

22-2 Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines
Alcohols
• Alcohols have the functional group –OH.(hydroxide)
• The general formula for alcohols is R-OH, where R is a
hydrocarbon.
• Denatured alcohol has aviation gas or other solvents
added to it to make it unfit to drink.
• Ethanol is found in alcoholic beverages.
• Ethanol and CO2 are produced by yeast when they ferment
sugars, such as those in grapes and bread dough.
• To name alcohols, use a number or numbers, if needed to
designate the location of the –OH groups and then say the
rootword for the number of carbons followed by –ol.
Ethers
• Ethers are organic compounds that have an
oxygen imbedded in a series of 2 carbon
chains….
• Remember ethers by the fact that there is an
R on ‘ether’ side of the O.
• The functional group is the imbedded oxygen.
• The general form for ethers is R1-O-R2
• To name ethers say the first alphabetical R
followed by the second alphabetical R then
the word ether.
• If both are identical, say di- the R group with
Amines
• Amines contain nitrogen bonded to carbon
atoms.
• Each nitrogen can carry 3 bonds so 2 other
bonds are connected to hydrogen.
• Amines are of the form R-NH2.
• Amines are considered primary, secondary, or
tertiary depending on how many carbon
chains have substituted for hydrogens in the
NH3.
• To Name amines, say the numbers of the –NH2
locations followed the root-word from the
22-3 Carbonyl Compounds
• -C=0 is called a carbonyl group.
• Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides,
and esters all have the carbonyl group.
Aldehydes
• Aldehydes have the form
where R is a hydrogen or hydrocarbon.
• We name the aldehydes by saying the rootword representing the number of carbons
followed by –al.
• Aldehydes generally have lower boiling points
than other similar-size compounds.
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Ketones
Ketones have the functional group
We name them by saying the number of carbons on
Ketones are used as solvents for paints, lacquers, var