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Aldehydes and Ketones
δδ+
R
R
carbonyl group
at end of a
carbon chain
R
H
aldehyde
in middle of a
carbon chain
R
R’
ketone
Aldehydes & Ketones
Properties
 boiling points:
 higher than parent alkanes
 lower than analogous alcohols
 solubilities:
 higher than parent alkanes
 lower than analogous alcohols
 good solvents
R
H
How can these
properties be
explained?
These three compounds have similar molecular weights.
Rank them from lowest to highest boiling point.
A)
CH3 CH2– C H
B)
O
C) CH CH CH
3
2
3
CH3 CH2 CH2OH
Naming Aldehydes
suffix: -al
Identify the longest carbon chain. The carbon chain
includes the carbonyl group.
2. Change the ending of the parent chain from e to al
3. Identify and number any substituent groups.
Numbering starts at end with the C=O group.
1.
No number is required to ID the position of the
carbonyl group… Why do you think this is?
Solution:
• the carbonyl group is at the end of
the chain
• the parent chain has five carbons
pentanal
Solution:
• the parent chain has four carbons
• one ethyl group (C4)
• one chlorine (C3)
3-chloro-4-ethylbutanal
Practice: Naming
A)
B)
C)
Naming Ketones
suffix: -one
Identify the longest carbon chain.
2. Change the ending of the parent chain from e to one
3. Identify and number any substituent groups.
Numbering starts at end closest to the C=O group.
1.
A number is required to ID the position of the carbonyl
group, if the chain has five or more carbons… Draw
out all possible ketone structures with four or less carbons
if you are unsure as to why.
Solution:
• the parent chain has six carbons
• the C=O group is on C3
3-hexanone
CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3 CH2– C – CH CH2 CH3
O
 How many carbons in the parent chain?
 Identify and number substituent groups
4-ethyloctanone
Practice: Naming
A)
B)
C)
Homework
 Read 1.6 (Nelson 12)
 Up to and including pg. 51 (No reactions)
 AP unit package: Aldehydes, Ketones,
Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amides #1-3, 6,
10 (skip b-e, the first j, k, n)