* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter 2 Summary
Artificial general intelligence wikipedia , lookup
Neurogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Donald O. Hebb wikipedia , lookup
Environmental enrichment wikipedia , lookup
Neuroscience and intelligence wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Time perception wikipedia , lookup
Human multitasking wikipedia , lookup
Neural oscillation wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Neuroesthetics wikipedia , lookup
Selfish brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Neuroinformatics wikipedia , lookup
Lateralization of brain function wikipedia , lookup
Emotional lateralization wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Neurophilosophy wikipedia , lookup
Human brain wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience of music wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Brain morphometry wikipedia , lookup
Traumatic memories wikipedia , lookup
Functional magnetic resonance imaging wikipedia , lookup
Neurolinguistics wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Neuromarketing wikipedia , lookup
Reconstructive memory wikipedia , lookup
Magnetoencephalography wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Neurotechnology wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Brain Rules wikipedia , lookup
Neuroplasticity wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Memory consolidation wikipedia , lookup
Neuroanatomy wikipedia , lookup
Limbic system wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 2 Summary Neurons are the fundamental building blocks of the nervous system Memory is an emergent property Neurons have important features such as somas, dendrites, and axons The electrical component of neural communication is captured in the action potential The chemical component of neural communication is accomplished through neurotransmitters released at the synapse Neurons alter their connections to one another to form memories through long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD) The brain is made up of substructure such as the hemisphere Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes – the temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes Different parts of the cortex are involved in specialized processes The default mode network (DMN) is a collection of brain structures that are active when a person is not strongly engaged in some activity The hippocampus is the most important subcortical structure for memory Different portions of the hippocampus are involved in the processing of objects or time and space The amygdala is involved in processing emotional information The cerebellum and basal ganglia are involved in motor memories The diencephalon is involved in the routing and coordinating of information Computer-assisted tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are © 2017 Taylor & Francis used to gain information about the structural characteristics of a person’s brain Single-cell recordings and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings measure the electrical activity in the brain Event related potentials (ERPs) are changes in the pattern of electrical function in response to an event Brain activity can be disrupted through the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) scans use magnetic fields to measure brain activity Positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans use changes in blood flow to measure brain activity Two other ways of assessing brain function are through studying people with brain damage or well-known changes in function (e.g., the elderly) Memories become more stable over time through the process of consolidation Synaptic consolidation occurs through LTP in the hippocampus Systems consolidation involves long-term memories becoming independent of the hippocampus Reconsolidation occurs when a memory is reactivated – rendering it possible to alter the information stored in the memory Neurogenesis may also aid in the creation of new memories © 2017 Taylor & Francis