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Chemical Compounds in Cells Chapter 1 Section 3 element A substance that cannot be broken down into smaller substances Ex) oxygen, nitrogen compound When two or more elements are combined physically or chemically Ex) water, carbon dioxide carbohydrate An energy-rich compound made of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon Ex) sugars, starches lipid energy rich compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, contain more energy than carbs Ex) fats, oils, waxes protein large, organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur amino acid smaller molecules that can be combined to make up different proteins enzyme type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions nucleic acid long, organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous; carry out the functions of life DNA Genetic material that carries info. about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring RNA A nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins