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Element
Any substance that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances
Compound
Two or more elements that are
chemically bonded
Carbohydrate
An energy rich compound made up of
the elements carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen
Lipid
An energy rich organic compound
such as fat oil or wax made up of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Protein
Large organic molecule made of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
and sometimes sulfur
Amino Acid
A small molecule that is linked
chemically to other amino acids to
form proteins
Enzyme
A protein that speeds up chemical
reactions in living things
Nucleic Acid
Very large organic molecule made of
carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen
and phosphorus that contains the
instructions to carry out life functions
DNA
The genetic material that carries
information about an organism that is
passed from parent to offspring
RNA
A nucleic acid that plays an important
role in the production of proteins
Selectively
Permeable
A property of cell membranes that
allows some substance to pass
through while others cannot
Diffusion
The process by which molecules move
from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration
Osmosis
The diffusion of water molecules
through a selectively permeable
membrane
Passive
Transport
Active
Transport
The movement of materials through a
cell membrane without using the cell’s
energy
The movement of materials through a
cell membrane using energy
Photosynthesis
The process in which some organisms
use water along with sunlight and
carbon dioxide to make their own
food
Autotroph
An organism that makes it own food
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its
own food
Pigment
A colored chemical that absorbs light
Chlorophyll
A green pigment found in the cells of
plants, algae and some bacteria
Stomata
Small openings in a leaf through
which oxygen and carbon dioxide can
move
Respiration
The process by which cells break
down simple food molecules to
release the energy they contain
Fermentation
The process by which cells break
down molecules to release energy
without using oxygen
Cell Cycle
The regular sequence of growth and
division that cells undergo
Interphase
The stage of the cell cycle that takes
place before cell division occurs
Replication
The process by which a cell makes o a
copy of the DNA in its nucleus
Mitosis
The stage of the cell cycle during
which the nucleus divides into two
nuclei and one copy of the DNA is
distributed to each daughter cell
Chromosome
A doubled rod of condensed
chromatin
Cytokinesis
The final stage of the cell cycle in
which the cell’s cytoplasm divides
distributing the organelles into each of
the two new cells