Download Living things are energy rich complex chemical structures

Living things are energy rich complex chemical
structures
BIOCHEMISTRY
IS ABOUT
ENERGY RICH COMPLEX
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF
THINGS
RELATING
4 TYPES OF
MACROMOLECULES
TO BIOCHEMICAL
STRUCTURE OF
ORGANISMS
CORRELATING
MACROMOLECULAR
STRUCTURE TO
FUNCTION
DETERMINEDED BY
CALCULATIONS
ENERGY IS STORED IN
COMPOUNDS
TERMS TO KNOW-
BIOCHEMISTRY
 ORGANIC : relating to living things
 ORGANIC MOLECULES: composed of long chains
or rings of carbon atoms attached to other elements
like nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen.
 MACROMOLECULE: A LARGE COMPLEX
MOLECULE : EX. CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS,
NUCLEIC ACIDS, PROTEINS ( these are organic
molecules)
Classes of Macromolecules
Class
sub units & composition
Carbohydrates
Sugars
lipids
Carbon
Hydrogen
water
Fatty acids
proteins
Carbon
Hydrogen
And sometimes oxygen
Amino acids
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
nitrogen
functions/roles
examples
energy storage
Structural components
Starch, glycogen
Cellulose, chitin
Store energy
Form membranes
Steroid hormones
Body fat
Cell membrane
testosterone
Serve as enzymes
Structural components
Peptide hormones
Lactase
Hair, cartilage
insulin
Nucleic acids Nucleotide
Carbon
Hydrogen
oxygen
Nitrogen
phosphorus
-Store genetic
DNA
information
RNA
-Direct production of’
proteins
THE PARTY ANIMAL OF THE
PERIODIC TABLE- CARBON
 CARBON IS AN ATOM THAT CAN BOND IN
A VARIETY OF WAYS WITH OTHER ATOMS.
 CARBON IS THE BUILDING BLOCK OF ALL
LIVING THINGS (ORGANIC MOLECULES)
 THE HUMAN BODY IS ABOUT 18% CARBON BY
WEIGHT
 CARBON IS THE 4TH MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENT IN
THE UNIVERSE.
CARBON
 BECAUSE IT HAS 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS IT
CAN BOND WITH LOTS OF DIFFERENT ATOMS.
 BECAUSE OF ITS BONDING CAPABILITIES IT
CAN FORM LONG CHAINS OR RINGs
 THE STRUCTURE OF AN ORGANIC MOLECULE
DETERMINES IT’S FUNCTION ( WHAT IT DOES)
Diamonds are made up of an allotrope of carbon
What is it?
Characteristics of living things
 1. Made of complex chemical substances
- nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
- pass on genetic information
 2. Made of cells ( basic unit of living things)
- single celled - ex. bacteria
- multi cellular - ex. Humans
 3. Require water & a source of energy usually in the form
of ATP
- for metabolism
 4. Reproduce and grow
- asexual
- sexual
- get larger , more complex
More characteristics of living things
 5. Have limited life spans




- dead organisms become food for other organisms
6. Respond to their surroundings
- homeostasis – maintaining a balanced internal
state. ie. Body temperature ( humans)
7. Move
- to find food
- escape from danger
8. Able to repair injuries to themselves
- if not too severe
- ex. Salamander ( grow new arms or legs)
9. Can adapt to changes in their environments
Characteristics of non-living things
 Not made of cells
 Do not obtain & use energy
 Do not grow & develop
 Do not reproduce
 Do not respond to their environment
 Do not adapt to their environment
What do living & nonliving things have in common with
each other?
THEY ARE BOTH MADE UP OF- COMPOUNDS
WHICH ARE THEMSELVES MADE UP OF ELEMENTS
JOINED BY ENERGY RICH BONDS. LIKE THOSE IN
ATP
BONDS????????
 OKAY WHAT DOES ENERGY HAVE TO DO WITH
IT?
endergonic reactions- bonds are formed and
energy absorbed.
exergonic reactions – bonds are broken and
energy is released.