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Chemistry Comes Alive
Chapter2
(Spr.-07)
1. Energy
a. Explain the concept of matter and energy. Differentiate between kinetic.
and potential energy.
b. Describe the major energy fonns. Explain how each type can affect your
body.
2. Atoms and elements
a. Describe a chemical element.
b. Learn the first two divisions of elements illustrated in your text, table 2.1.
c. Completely describe the atom's structure.
d. Explain: atomic weight, atomic number, mass weight, isotope,
radioiSotope,valence,valenceelectrons.'
.
e. Describe how ra~oisotopes are utilizedin diagnosing diseases.
3. Molecules and mixtures
a. Differentiate between a molecule, a compound, and a mixture.
b. How do you determine the molecular weight of a compound?
4. Chemical bonds and reactions
a. Differentiate between ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds.
b. Contrast polar and nonpolar covalent bonds.
c. Explain oxidation-reduction reactions.
d. Contrast synthesis, decomposition, and exchange reactions. Give examples
of these rea~tions in your body.
e. Describe the factors that influence the rate that chemical reactions occur.
f. Explain exergonic and endergonic reactions.
5. Inorganic compounds
a. Describe the chemical nature of water.
b. Explain the characteristics of acids and bases. .Explainthe concept of pH.
What are buffers? Nanie two important buffers associatedwith
maintaining blood pH. Be able to interpret the pH scale. Explain acidosis
and alkalosis.
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6. Organic compounds.
a. Describe the chemical nature and uses for the following organic
molecules.
1) Carbohydrates
2) Lipids
3) Proteins
4) Nucleic acids
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b. Explaintbe role of dehydrationsynthesisand hydrolysisin the formation
c.
d.
e.
f
g.
and breakdown of organic molecules.
Explain the structural differences and functional roles of neutral fas,
phospholipids, and steroids in the body.
How are the phospholipids made ftom neutral fats? Describe the
importance of having phospholipids in the cell membrane.
Describe and give examples of the eicosanoids. Explain how each of the
examples effect you body.
What are the lipoproteins?
Describe the structure of proteins. What constitutes an amino acid? How
many are there? Describe a peptide bond. How is it formed and how is it
broken?
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Describe the . four levels of protein complexity. What level is hemoglobin?
Describe an enzyme. Describe the mechanisms associated with enzyme
activity. What are substrates and active sites? What is activation energy?
How can a person recognize an enzyme name?
J. Describe ATP.. How is it formed? What role does it play in cellular
metabolism. Explain its use in:
1) Muscle contraction
2) Nerve impulse transmission
k. Describe the two types of nucleic acids. Structurally,what are they
composed of? Describe their similarities and their differences. What is
meant by, "your DNA code?"
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