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Transcript
Fluid Mosaic Model Cell Membrane Lipid bilayer Protein inserted in the bilayer CHO chains attached to outer surface Lipid Bilayer Hydrophilic phospholipid head Water loving Hydrophobic fatty acid tail Water fearing! Protein inserted in the bilayer Act as channels Act as a pump CHO Attached to outer surface Act as “ID cards” Immersed in liquid Every cell contains liquid interior Every cell surrounded by liquid cytoplasm Extracellular fluid The cell membrane separates these solutions REVIEW Selectively permeable Plasma Membrane Permeable = allows a substance to diffuse Impermeable Impermeable = does not allow a substance to diffuse Permeable Biological Solutions Concentration = mass of solute in a given volume of solution Mass/volume Ex: 12 g/3 L or 4 g/L Concentration gradient Can be varying concentrations on either side of membrane Molecules in constant motion High Concentration Gradient High Concentration Low Concentration Gradient Even Lower Concentration Gradient Low Concentration Movement Across the Membrane Passive Transport— requires no energy (ATP) Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated transport Active Transport— energy (ATP) required Pump Endocytosis Exocystosis Diffusion Passive Transport Movement of MOLECULES from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Trying to achieve equilibrium Does not require energy Diffusion Rates Small molecules High temperatures Large concentration gradient Hyper Hypo Osmosis How do water molecules get from the hose into my cells? Diffusion of WATER through a selectively permeable membrane What was the definition of diffusion? How is osmosis different from diffusion? How are osmosis and diffusion the same? The tonics Hyper Hypertonic—an area of high solute concentration Hypotonic—an area of low solute concentration Isotonic—two areas of the same solute concentration Hypo H2O H2O Hypo Hyper Points to remember about tonicity! SOLUTES SUCK! Always reference the relationship! Ex: Side A is hypotonic to side B Side B is hypertonic to side A Side A Side B Effects of Osmosis on Animal Cells Osmotic Pressure Crenation-shrivels Homeostasis Cell bathed in hypertonic solution Net movement of water out Cell bathed in isotonic solution Equal movement of water in and out Lysis-blows up Cell bathed in hypotonic solution Net movement of water in Effects of Osmosis on Plant Cells Osmotic Pressure Plasmolyzed Homeostasis Cell bathed in hypertonic solution Net movement of water out Cell bathed in isotonic solution Equal movement of water in and out Turgid Cell bathed in hypotonic solution Net movement of water in Review * remember: SOLUTES SUCK! 0.2% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 20% Crenated Facilitated Diffusion Passive Transport Protein channels (carrier protein) in cell membrane act as a doorway to allow larger molecules to pass Ions, sugars, salts Still moves from high to low Doesn’t require ATP energy Carrier Protein Active Transport Moving against the concentration gradient From [low] [high] Requires additional energy ( ATP ) ATP Active Transport Pump Small molecules Na/K ATP ✔Checkpoint Active Transport Endocytosis/Phagocytosis/Pinocytosis Large amounts transported Take material into the cell by infolding creating a pocket Pocket breaks loose from cell membrane to form vacuole Large molecules, food, cells ATP Active Transport Exocytosis Removal of large amounts of material Membrane of vacuole fuses with cell membrane Contents then forced out of cell ATP One more time… Diversity of Cellular Life Unicellular Organism The organism is a single cell Maintains all the 8 characteristics of life Include both prokaryotic and eukaryotic May live in a colony Multicellular Organisms Cell are interdependent Many cells working together Cell specialization Creates a division of labor Levels of organization Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism System Organ Tissue Cell Molecule Levels of organization Organ System Organ Tissue Cell