SACpaper-TMG12-27 FS..
... outgrowth and growth cone steering. Here we show that inhibiting Ca2+ influx through stretch-activated channels accelerates the rate of neurite outgrowth in vitro and in vivo. Using various compounds that block influx through stretch-activated Ca2+ channels, including a highly specific peptide isola ...
... outgrowth and growth cone steering. Here we show that inhibiting Ca2+ influx through stretch-activated channels accelerates the rate of neurite outgrowth in vitro and in vivo. Using various compounds that block influx through stretch-activated Ca2+ channels, including a highly specific peptide isola ...
Excitation-contraction Coupling in the Heart and the Negative
... activated by depolarization, they summate to produce a larger and slower Ca2⫹ transient, and the reduced rate of decline of Ca2⫹ can be ascribed to the loss of the diffusive component of spark decay; during the whole-cell Ca2⫹ transient Ca2⫹ is globally increased so diffusion cannot serve to reduce ...
... activated by depolarization, they summate to produce a larger and slower Ca2⫹ transient, and the reduced rate of decline of Ca2⫹ can be ascribed to the loss of the diffusive component of spark decay; during the whole-cell Ca2⫹ transient Ca2⫹ is globally increased so diffusion cannot serve to reduce ...
store-operated calcium channels
... functions by elevating the cytosolic Ca2⫹ concentration ([Ca2⫹]i). Because of the finite Ca2⫹ capacity of the ER, Ca2⫹ release can only generate transient signals; however, prolonged store depletion can evoke Ca2⫹ entry through SOCs that is sustained for minutes to hours, driving a wide assortment o ...
... functions by elevating the cytosolic Ca2⫹ concentration ([Ca2⫹]i). Because of the finite Ca2⫹ capacity of the ER, Ca2⫹ release can only generate transient signals; however, prolonged store depletion can evoke Ca2⫹ entry through SOCs that is sustained for minutes to hours, driving a wide assortment o ...
Potentiation of acid-sensing ion channels by sulfhydryl compounds
... 16, 56). Activation of ASIC1a channels causes an acute increase in intracellular calcium. Excess activation of ASIC1a channels during stroke and ischemia causes neuronal death (55, 56). Injection of venom containing PcTX1, a peptide known to prevent ASIC1a activation, reduces neuronal damage in mous ...
... 16, 56). Activation of ASIC1a channels causes an acute increase in intracellular calcium. Excess activation of ASIC1a channels during stroke and ischemia causes neuronal death (55, 56). Injection of venom containing PcTX1, a peptide known to prevent ASIC1a activation, reduces neuronal damage in mous ...
Ethanol Potentiation of Glycine-Induced Responses in Dissociated
... with our previous report (Ye, 2000), glycine elicited depolarization and, in some cases, action potentials in VTA neurons from neonatal rats (Fig. 1). This depolarization is explained by a reversal potential for glycine’s action (EGly) that is much more positive (near ⫺25 mV in neonatal neurons) tha ...
... with our previous report (Ye, 2000), glycine elicited depolarization and, in some cases, action potentials in VTA neurons from neonatal rats (Fig. 1). This depolarization is explained by a reversal potential for glycine’s action (EGly) that is much more positive (near ⫺25 mV in neonatal neurons) tha ...
Dynamic Equilibrium of Neurotransmitter Transporters: Not Just for
... one uncharged GABA molecule (Fig. 1B) (Kanner and Schuldiner 1987). Thus GABA is carried up its concentration gradient using the energy from the inward Na⫹ gradient and the flow of one positive charge down the electrical gradient. There is no doubt of the validity of the traditional view that transp ...
... one uncharged GABA molecule (Fig. 1B) (Kanner and Schuldiner 1987). Thus GABA is carried up its concentration gradient using the energy from the inward Na⫹ gradient and the flow of one positive charge down the electrical gradient. There is no doubt of the validity of the traditional view that transp ...
Introducing a New Product
... Mosby items and derived items © 2013, 2010, 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
... Mosby items and derived items © 2013, 2010, 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
Evidence for an apical Na–Cl cotransporter involved in ion uptake in
... NKCC immunoreactivity has been found in MRCs of several teleosts (e.g. Pelis et al., 2001; McCormick et al., 2003; Hiroi and McCormick, 2007), the apical NKCC immunoreactivity in the freshwater-exclusive MRCs was surprising: an apical cation–chloride cotransporter has not been suggested previously t ...
... NKCC immunoreactivity has been found in MRCs of several teleosts (e.g. Pelis et al., 2001; McCormick et al., 2003; Hiroi and McCormick, 2007), the apical NKCC immunoreactivity in the freshwater-exclusive MRCs was surprising: an apical cation–chloride cotransporter has not been suggested previously t ...
Acute Knockdown of Uncoupling Protein-2 Increases Uncoupling via the Adenine
... Figure 3. Mitochondria uncoupling measured as glutamate-stimulated O2 consumption during inhibition of the ATP-synthase with oligomycin during baseline (filled bars) and after inhibition of UCP-2 with GDP (patterned bars) in control and diabetic animals with and without scrambled or UCP-2 siRNA. * d ...
... Figure 3. Mitochondria uncoupling measured as glutamate-stimulated O2 consumption during inhibition of the ATP-synthase with oligomycin during baseline (filled bars) and after inhibition of UCP-2 with GDP (patterned bars) in control and diabetic animals with and without scrambled or UCP-2 siRNA. * d ...
Biogenesis and multifaceted roles of outer membrane
... are needed for a distant activity, for example degradation of complex molecules from a solid surface, then OMVs can co-transport proteins so that they reach the remote site simultaneously. Thus, the energy expenditure of the cell in making OMVs is justified by their action on remote targets with hig ...
... are needed for a distant activity, for example degradation of complex molecules from a solid surface, then OMVs can co-transport proteins so that they reach the remote site simultaneously. Thus, the energy expenditure of the cell in making OMVs is justified by their action on remote targets with hig ...
CONTRIBUTION OF DYSFERLIN-CONTAINING
... “proximodistal” presentation [22]. In some instances divergent phenotypes can result from identical mutations within the dysferlin gene, which may result from modifier genes or environmental factors such as activity level [19, 23]. Mild cardiac involvement can occasionally be detected in dysferlinop ...
... “proximodistal” presentation [22]. In some instances divergent phenotypes can result from identical mutations within the dysferlin gene, which may result from modifier genes or environmental factors such as activity level [19, 23]. Mild cardiac involvement can occasionally be detected in dysferlinop ...
Presequence-Independent Manner Transported by the TIM23
... states (G) of ⬃510 pS when positive membrane potentials were applied and ⬃450 pS with negative membrane potentials applied (Fig. 2B). No signs of ion channel activity were detected in the mock control. The channel exhibited a reversal potential (Urev) equaling ⬃48 mV (cis, 250 mM KCl; trans, 20 mM K ...
... states (G) of ⬃510 pS when positive membrane potentials were applied and ⬃450 pS with negative membrane potentials applied (Fig. 2B). No signs of ion channel activity were detected in the mock control. The channel exhibited a reversal potential (Urev) equaling ⬃48 mV (cis, 250 mM KCl; trans, 20 mM K ...
Characterization of Nifedipine Block of the Human Heart Delayed
... washed off with cell culture medium and cells which had beads stuck to them were used for electrophysiological tests. The efficiency of dual transfection was observed to be better than 80%, so the beads provided a good means of identifying those cells that expressed hKv1.5. No difference was observe ...
... washed off with cell culture medium and cells which had beads stuck to them were used for electrophysiological tests. The efficiency of dual transfection was observed to be better than 80%, so the beads provided a good means of identifying those cells that expressed hKv1.5. No difference was observe ...
Anandamide as an intracellular messenger regulating ion channel
... 2. Biosynthesis of intracellular anandamide In order to function as an intracellular messenger, anandamide needs to be produced in a stimulus-dependent fashion in the cell. Indeed, it is widely recognized that anandamide is not stored in vesicles like other neurotransmitters such as dopamine, glutam ...
... 2. Biosynthesis of intracellular anandamide In order to function as an intracellular messenger, anandamide needs to be produced in a stimulus-dependent fashion in the cell. Indeed, it is widely recognized that anandamide is not stored in vesicles like other neurotransmitters such as dopamine, glutam ...
KATP channels and preconditioning - Philipps
... several recent studies have questioned the usefulness of these substances for defining and characterizing mKATP channels. To assess the validity and limitations of the pharmacological approach to channel characterization, we provide an analysis of the effects of diazoxide and 5-HD on mKATP channels ...
... several recent studies have questioned the usefulness of these substances for defining and characterizing mKATP channels. To assess the validity and limitations of the pharmacological approach to channel characterization, we provide an analysis of the effects of diazoxide and 5-HD on mKATP channels ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has remained a mystery because blockade of any conventional voltage- or ligand- gated channel does not prevent ischemic or “anoxic” depolarization (AD) propagating across grey matter. Recently ou ...
... linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has remained a mystery because blockade of any conventional voltage- or ligand- gated channel does not prevent ischemic or “anoxic” depolarization (AD) propagating across grey matter. Recently ou ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.