Download Chapter 7 - Learning

Study Guide for EXAM 3
Chapter 6 – Learning
1. Define learning
2. Describe classical conditioning
3. Be able to identify unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned response (UCR),
conditioned stimulus (CS), & conditioned response (CR) from Pavlov’s original study
and different scenarios
4. Describe the key variables for classical conditioning
5. Explain the processes of classical conditioning (acquisition, extinction, spontaneous
recovery, generalization, discrimination)
6. Explain how cognitive processes and biological predispositions affect learning
7. Know the basic principle of operant conditioning ( and the main difference between
operant & classical conditioning)
8. Know Thorndike’s Law of Effect
9. Explain shaping
10. Describe basic types of reinforcers
11. Know difference between the four reinforcement schedules (be able to recognize from
scenario or examples)
12. Describe types of punishment
13. Explain how punishment affects behavior
14. Study Table on “Comparison of Classical & Operant Conditioning”
15. Describe observational learning
16. Discuss relationship between “mirror neurons” and learning
Chapter 7 – Memory
1. Define memory
2. List and discuss the three key processes involved in memory (similar to computer
information-processing system)
3. Know the three stage memory model proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin
4. Explain difference between automatic and effortful processing; also understand what
types of information are encoded for each
5. Describe distributed study (spacing effect) and why it helps memory compared to massed
practice
6. Explain the three levels of processing proposed by Craik & Tulving (1975)
7. Describe chunking
8. Know the capacity and duration for sensory, short-term and long-term memory stores
9. Describe each type of long-term memories and where they are processed
10. Describe how information is retrieved from memory
11. Explain Schachter’s seven ways our memories fail us
12. Explain interference (proactive & retroactive)
13. Describe controversy related to repressed and recovered memories (also discuss Loftus’
experiment & findings)
14. Tips for improving memory (from book)