Download Classical and Operant Conditioning Notes

Vocabulary-
1.Archetypes
2.Self-actualization
3.Ideal self
4.Superego, ID, Ego
5.Persona
6.Modeling
7.Free association
8.Focus on influence of
social forces
9.Rewards and punishments
10.People spend their lives
trying to dominate and control
others to avoid feelings
On your own sheet of
paper...# 1-10 and
answer the theorist’s
name with the element of
personality
You may use your notes!
Freud
Maslow
Rogers
Bandura
Horney & Adler
Jung
There are 8 more days left of
this class
• Did you turn in “Good Will Hunting” paper?
• All late work is due today by 3 pm
• Kid Day is NEXT Tuesday-permission slips
are a MUST-just bring them anytime and put
in the basket (Ages 1-5)
Can I interest you?
• Pianos for everyone
Conditioning-it’s how
we learn
“Shampoo is the best, no conditioner is
better”
Classical Conditioning-PAVLOV AND WATSON
(stupid pet tricks)
What is it?
Process where subject forms association between 2 unconnected stimuli.
Discovery: Pavlov when he began ringing a bell at the same time he showed his dog food.
How it works:
1. UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS)
2. Salvation-UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UCR)
he slobbered when he saw the food BEFORE
the bell was introduced.
3. Bell-CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS)
4. Salivation to the sound of the bell
CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR)
NOTE- no new behaviors are learned in the classical conditioning process
Video…
He'll do anything for a bell
How Can This Be Used in Real Life?
•
John Watson demonstrated how the classical conditioning process could be used to create
phobias.
•
Little Albert
Operant Conditioning-Skinner
(positive and negative reinforcements)
What is it? Process where a subject learns NEW behaviors as a result of
consequences in the environment
Discovery: Skinner-most human behavior was learned from our experiences.
1. Behaviors that led to pleasant consequences would be repeated
2. Behaviors followed by unpleasant consequences would most likely stop.
How it works:
Parents are praising or scolding their children as a consequence of the children’s actions.
Positive and Negative Reinforcements
Things that increase a behavior when they OCCUR is a POSITIVE (R+)
Things that increase a behavior when they are REMOVED is a NEGATIVE (R-)
Sometimes that number of times can also make a difference: Interval, ratio, fixed, variable
How many of you?
http://vimeo.com/19044808 Simpsons
What is it…positive or negative?
• Cleaning your room so that you can use the car for the
evening
• Being nice to your little brother so your parents will buy you a
desired present
• Buying new clothes so that your friends will stop making fun
of your fashion sense
• Building a fire in the fireplace so that you can be “warm and
fuzzy”
• Helping a friend because it makes you feel good
Types of Reinforcements
Variable Ratio-responses reinforced after an unpredictable
number of responses. SLOT MACHINE, Fly-fishing:
casting and reeling back several times before catching a
fish
Fixed Ratio-responses reinforced only after a specific
number of responses STARBUCKS BUY 5 GET ONE
FREE, Frequent flyer program
Variable Interval-occur when a response is rewarded after
an unpredictable amount of time has passed; Random
drug testing
Fixed Interval-response is rewared only after a specified
amount of time A PAYCHECK
Let’s practice
• Individuals collect bottles, cans, and other
recyclables get payment for a specific amount of
these items
• Supervisor who praises her workers on irregular
intervals
• Buying lottery tickets
• Looking at your watch during a lecture until end
of a lecture
• Carpet cleaner who takes a break only after
having cleaned three rooms
• A strawberry picker receives $1 for after filling 12
small boxes
Social Learning
• Bandura-Behavorial theory
• Understanding by watching those around you
Cognitive Learning
• Rogers
• Thinking it through
• Process consequences and
repercussions, Learning from the mistakes
of others, make a conscious decision not
to go down that road
Recap
• Classical-learning by association
• Operant-learning through
reinforcement
• Social-by observing and imitating
• Cognitive-through mental
processing
Now it’s your turn Classical or
Operant?
• Every time someone flushes a toilet in the
apartment building, the shower becomes very
hot and causes the person to jump back. Over
time, the person begins to jump back
automatically after hearing the flush, before the
water temperature changes.
Answer #1
• This example is classical conditioning
because jumping away from hot water is an
automatic response.
•
•
•
•
The hot water is the US
The jumping back is the UR
The toilet flush is the CS
The jumping back to the flush alone is the CR
Now it’s your turn
• Your father gives you a credit card at the end of
your first year in college because you did so
well. As a result, your grades continue to get
better in your second year.
Answer #2
• This example is operant conditioning because
school performance is a voluntary behavior.
• The credit card is a positive reinforcement
because it is given and it increases the behavior.
Now it’s your turn
• Your car has a red, flashing light that blinks
annoyingly if you start the car without buckling
the seat belt. You become less likely to start the
car without buckling the seat belt.
Answer #3
• This example is operant conditioning because
buckling a seat belt is voluntary.
• The flashing light is a negative punishment.
• The behavior of not buckling the seat belt
decreases.