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********Modeling: A Constructed Response KEY ******* Objective: Students will work in collaborative groups to apply science vocabulary to constructed response paragraphs Question 1: Respiratory System: Discuss the process of gas exchange carried out by the respiratory system. Vocabulary: Alveoli, Diaphragm, Lungs, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide STEP 1: AS A GROUP--Create a Chart to Define/Describe vocabulary terms: TERM Define Connections EXAMPLE Alveoli Air sacs in the lungs where gases are exchanged; look like bunches of grapes Surrounded by blood vessels; specialized to take oxygen out of air and put into blood; pull carbon dioxide out of the blood and remove by exhaling Diaphragm Dome-shaped muscle located beneath When diaphragm contracts, it moves (under) the lungs down and allows lungs to expand and take in air When diaphragm relaxes, it moves up and the lungs exhale the air Main organs of the respiratory system located on left and right of the heart Open/expand when diaphragm contracts (inhale); close/shrink when diaphragm relaxes (exhale) Gas necessary for life and cell processes (about 21% of air) Inhaling brings oxygen-rich air into lungs; alveoli push oxygen into surrounding blood vessels to be carried through the body Waste gas, carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood vessel and into alveoli for removal by exhaling Lungs Oxygen Waste gas made by working cells Carbon dioxide STEP 2: ON YOUR OWN PAPER (Each person writes) Use the vocabulary and the information you wrote to help you construct a cohesive and meaningful response to the question/statement. (1 point for each term used correctly in the paragraph) (Review the question: Discuss the process of gas exchange carried out by the respiratory system.) NOW YOU ARE READY FOR PEER REVIEW (2X), EDITING YOUR RESPONSE, AND SUBMITTING YOUR FINAL WRITING. Question 2: Circulatory System: The main purpose of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen-rich blood to the body; explain how this is accomplished as the blood travels to and from the heart. Vocabulary: Atria, Ventricles, Arteries, Veins, Red blood cells STEP 1: AS A GROUP--Create a Chart to Define/Describe vocabulary terms: TERM Atria Define Top two receiving chambers of the heart Connections Right atrium—receives blood (no oxygen) from the body by way of the inferior and superiod vena cava Left atrium—receives blood (oxygen rich) from the lungs by way of the pulmonary vein Bottom two pumping chambers of the heart Right ventricle—pumps blood (no oxygen) through the pulmonary artery to the lungs Left ventricle—pumps blood (oxygen rich) through the aorta to the body Blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart Major arteries include pulmonary artery and aorta Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart Carry blood rich in carbon dioxide (waste), but low in oxygen; connected to the arteries by the tiny network of vessels called capillaries Ventricles Arteries EXAMPLE Veins One of the four main components of blood Red blood cells Responsible for transporting oxygen to cells and organs of the body; contains protein called hemoglobin that carries the oxygen STEP 2: ON YOUR OWN PAPER (Each person writes) Use the vocabulary and the information you wrote to help you construct a cohesive and meaningful response to the question/statement. (1 point for each term used correctly in the paragraph) (Review the question: Explain how the circulatory system transports oxygen-rich blood to the body as the blood travels to and from the heart) NOW YOU ARE READY FOR PEER REVIEW (2X), EDITING YOUR RESPONSE, AND SUBMITTING YOUR FINAL WRITING. Question 3: Skeletal System: Bones provide support for the body, enable movement, and make new blood cells; Discuss the features of the bones that allow them to accomplish these tasks. Vocabulary: Joints, Compact bone, Spongy bone, Cartilage, Ligaments STEP 1: AS A GROUP--Create a Chart to Define/Describe vocabulary terms: TERM Define Joints Place where two or more bones meet Connections Movable: Hinge (elbow, knee), Ball and socket (shoulder, hip), Pivot (neck, spine) Immovable: not moving (skull, sacrum) Hard, strong, supportive portion of the inside of bones Part of bones that makes them strong and dense to support the weight of the body and help maintain posture Inside of long bones that looks like sponge; contains marrow (where blood cells are made) Marrow is where blood cells are made for the body (hematopoiesis) Flexible connective tissue outside the bones Cushions the joints; helps reduce friction between bones because it is slippery Strong band of connective tissue connecting bone to bone Provides strong support for joints to support movement Compact bone Spongy bone EXAMPLE Cartilage Ligaments STEP 2: ON YOUR OWN PAPER (Each person writes) Use the vocabulary and the information you wrote to help you construct a cohesive and meaningful response to the question/statement. (1 point for each term used correctly in the paragraph) (Review the question: Discuss the features of the bones that allow them to provide support, enable movement, and make new blood cells.) NOW YOU ARE READY FOR PEER REVIEW (2X), EDITING YOUR RESPONSE, AND SUBMITTING YOUR FINAL WRITING. Question 4: The Muscular System: Describe the three types of muscle tissues in the body. Discuss where they are found, what jobs they perform, and any special features that make them unique. Vocabulary: Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle, Skeletal muscle, Striated, Tendons STEP 1: AS A GROUP--Create a Chart to Define/Describe vocabulary terms: TERM Cardiac Muscle Define Muscle tissue found only in the heart Involuntary muscle Has striations (stripes) Does not get tired Muscles that contract inner organs Involuntary muscle No striations Line walls of internal organs and tubes (stomach, intestine) Muscle used to move bones (attached to bones) Voluntary muscle Attached to bone by tendon Found in bundles Tend to tire-out easily (when they run out of ATP chemical energy = muscle fatigue) Contract (tighten); pull not push to get movement Work in pairs—one relaxes, the other contracts Ex: bicep contracts while triceps relaxes Striped pattern comes from the sarcomeres (contractile units) that make up the muscle tissue; each sarcomere has alternating actin and myosin protein fibers Supports bones and joint to accomplish movement Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle EXAMPLE Striated Connections Striped appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscles Strong bands of tissue that connect muscle to bone Tendons STEP 2: ON YOUR OWN PAPER (Each person writes) Use the vocabulary and the information you wrote to help you construct a cohesive and meaningful response to the question/statement. (1 point for each term used correctly in the paragraph) (Review the question: Describe the three types of muscle tissues in the body. Discuss where they are found, what jobs they perform, and any special features that make them unique NOW YOU ARE READY FOR PEER REVIEW (2X), EDITING YOUR RESPONSE, AND SUBMITTING YOUR FINAL WRITING.