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Human Body Systems Vocabulary
characteristics
DNA
inherited
likeness
organism
traits
cell
multicellular
unicellular
(single cell)
permeable
tissue
direct evidence
indirect
evidence
fitness
quality of an organism
material in life forms that transfers genetic characteristics
characteristics from parents
similarity
individual living system
distinguishing characteristics
the basic unit of life
composed of several or many cells
composed of one cell
able to pass through
similar cells with a specific function
evidence you collect yourself
evidence that you do not collect yourself, but rely on evidence collected by others
state of being healthy
Skeletal System
ball/socket joint joint that allows twisting and turning movements; example: hip joint
bones
cartilage
cranium
femur
fracture
framework
gliding joint
hinge joint
humerus
immovable
joints
mandible
patella
forms the substance of a skeleton, support the body
flexible connective tissue
skull
longest, largest, and strongest bone in the human body; located in the leg
to break or crack
supports, i.e. human skeleton
joint that allows to flat bones to slide over each other; example: foot, wrist
joint that allows movement in a certain spot, like the opening and closing of a door;
example: elbow, knee, ankle
long bone in arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow
not able to be moved
place where two parts are joined or united to allow motion
jaw bone
flat moveable bone in the front of the knee, also known as the knee bone
pelvis
phalanges
radius
ribs
scapula
skeleton
skull
spine
sternum
tarsals
tibia
torso
ulna
vertebrae
funnel-shaped, part of skeleton supporting lower limbs
bones that make up the fingers or feet
bone of forearm on the thumb side
bones that support and protect organs such as the lungs
shoulder blade
framework that support the body
head bone
backbone
breastbone
bones in the feet
shinbone
upper part of the body
forearm bone, located on the side opposite the thumb
bones in the spine
Muscular System
bicep
cardiac muscle
contract
endurance
exertion
extend
flex
involuntary
ligaments
muscles
musculoskeletal
resistance
muscle at the front of the upper arm
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
tendons
tricep
voluntary
atrophy
muscle connected at either end with a bone
type of muscle in the heart
to draw together
ability or strength to continue or last without becoming tired
activity of using your muscles in various ways to keep fit
to increase in length
to bend
muscle controlled without thinking about it (pumping heart)
tissues that connect bones, hold organs in place
tissues that cause motion in the body when contracted
muscular and skeletal systems
Exercise that involves working your muscles against free weights or your body's own
weight (walking, running, pushups)
found in the walls of internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles
connects muscle to bone
muscle located at the back of the upper arm
muscle whose action is controlled by the person (example: lifting an arm)
to waste away or decrease in size
Nervous System
autonomic
nervous system
axon
brain
brain stem
cerebellum
cerebrum
dendrites
nerves
neurons
peripheral
nervous system
relay
signals
spinal cord
spinal nerve
stimuli
system of nerves that control involuntary functions
synapse
place where nerve messages are sent and received
part of neuron that takes information away from a cell body
controls mental and physical actions, located in the cranium (skull)
part of brain near spinal cord; controls reflexes, breathing, and heartbeat
large portion of the brain, controls voluntary motions
largest part of the brain, controls voluntary movements and mental actions
part of a neuron that brings information to a cell body
bundle of fibers that send impulses from the brain to other parts of the body
specialized, impulse-conducting cells (composed of cell body, axon, dendrites)
lies outside brain and spinal cord, includes nerves to arms, legs, and sense organs
to transmit a signal
messages sent from brain to nerves
cord of nerve tissue extending through the spinal column
nerves that start in the spinal cord
something that causes an action (example-stimulus: hot stove, response: moving hand
away from hot stove)
Circulatory and Cardiovascular Systems
blood
cholesterol
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma
aerobic exercise
anaerobic
exercise
aorta
arteries
atrium
blood vessels
capillaries
cardiac
circulation
heart
heart rate
pulmonary
artery
pulse
veins
ventricles
a fluid that circulates throughout the body to sustain life
found in animal tissues, too much can lead to heart disease
blood cells constantly traveling through your body delivering oxygen and removing
waste
blood cells that help protect the body by fighting off infections and diseases
smallest blood cells to help form clots if you have an injury
liquid part of the blood; contains blood's proteins, suspends blood cells
exercise that increases the need for oxygen
exercise that builds muscles through tension
part of the heart, circulates blood from the heart to all of the body (except the lungs)
blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
two upper chambers on each side of the heart, receives blood from veins and forces
blood into ventricles
any of the vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) through which the blood circulates
small blood vessels between the ending of the arteries and the beginning of the veins
relating to the heart
flowing (such as the flow of blood throughout the body)
organ (consisting of four chambers) that circulates blood, divided into four chambers
(valves)
number of heartbeats in one minute
transports blood from the heart to the lungs
regular throbbing of arteries caused by heart contractions
blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart
located in the heart, left and right, pumps blood to the entire body
Respiratory System
air-filled spaces in the body
air sac
very small air sacs; where air breathed in goes
alveoli
bronchial tubes two tubes at the end of the trachea, brings in air from trachea and helps clean lungs; one tube
goes to right lung, one to left
diaphragm
exhale
inhale
larynx
lungs
nasal passages
(nasal cavity)
pharynx
respiration
ribs
sinuses
trachea
sheet-like muscle separating the chest from the abdominal cavity; creates suction to draw in
air and expand lungs
to breathe out
to breathe in
voice box
two respiratory organs
helps with inhaling and exhaling of air through the nose
throat; collects incoming air from the nose and passes air to the trachea
inhaling and exhaling air, breathing
bones that protect and support the chest
hollow spaces in the bones of the head, helps regulate temperature of air breathed in
windpipe; passage from pharynx to lungs
Digestive and Excretory Systems
anus
appendix
bile duct
digestion
epiglottis
esophagus
large intestine
liver
where solid waste exits through the body
mouth
pancreas
rectum
saliva
salivary glands
small intestine
stomach
tongue
where digestion begins
located near the small and large intestine, purpose unknown
stores bile (yellow, green liquid from the liver)
processing food in the body
located in the back of the mouth; prevents food and drink from entering the larynx
muscular passage connecting the mouth and the stomach, rhythmic motion
where stool (solid waste) accumulates
filters blood coming from the digestive tract, releases bile, helps take toxins (poisons) from
chemicals in the body
about 6" long, located behind the stomach, secretes insulin
straight section of the intestine, ending in the anus, stores solid waste
watery fluid for tasting and swallowing food, chewing, keeping mouth moist
secretes (releases) saliva
helps in the passage of food that comes from the stomach
organ in the digestive system that stores and digests food
organ in the mouth; functions include eating, tasting, speaking