Download 8th Grade Health

8th Grade Health
Unit Test 1 - Human Anatomy Review Sheet
Name: ____________
Test Date:__________
1. Skeleton: The Body’s Framework
a. Muscles – ALLOW MOVEMENT
b. Organs – A GROUP OF TISSUES WORKING TOGETHER AT A
COMMON JOB
c. How many bones make up the human body? 206
d. What is the largest bone in the body? FEMUR
2. Skull – A box for the brain
a. Cranium – THE TOP PART OF THE SKULL THAT SURROUNDS
THE BRAIN
b. What is the purpose of the skull? PROTECT THE BRAIN
c. What are the large soft spots called on an infant’s skull?
FONTANELLES
3. Spine
a. How many vertebrae are there? 33
b. ___7__ Cervical
__12___ Thoracic
__5___ Lumber
___5__ Fused Sacral
__4___ Coccygeal
c. What are the functions of the
Atlas – ALLOWS YOUR HEAD TO MOVE UP/DOWN
Axis – ALLOWS YOUR HEAD TO ROTATE SIDE TO SIDE
d. What does the spine protect? THE SPINAL CORD
4. Inside Bones
a. What are bones made of? MINERALS AND COLLAGEN
b. Minerals – MAKE BONES HARD
c. Collagen – MAKE BONES ELASTIC
d. Bone Marrow – IN THE MIDDLE OF BONES AND IT MAKES RED
BLOOD CELLS
e. What is osteoporosis? A DISEASE IN WHICH BONES LOSE
CALCIUM, BECOME BRITTLE, AND BREAK
5. Muscles
a. Joints – PLACE WHERE TWO BONES MEET
b. Tendons – CONNECTS MUSCLE TO BONE
LIGAMENTS – CONNECTS BONE TO BONE
c. Cardiac – INVOLUNTARY STRIATED MUSCLE THAT IS FOUND
ONLY IN THE HEART
d. Smooth – INVOLUNTARY NON STRIATED MUSCLE THAT IS
FOUND IN THE ORGANS
e. Skeletal – VOLUNTARY STRIATED MUSCLE THAT ALLOWS
ORGANS TO MOVE AND SUPPORTS THE SKELETON
6. The Brain
a. Cerebrum – LARGEST PART OF THE BRAIN THAT CONTROLS
MUSCLES AND STORES MEMORY…WHERE THINKING
TAKES PLACE
b. Hypothalamus – THE PART OF THE BRAIN THAT MAINTAINS
HOMEOSTASTIS. REGULATES BODY TEMP HEART RATE,
HUNGER, AND THIRST, AND WITH THE PITUITARY GLAND,
REGULATES GROWTH AND SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
c. Brainstem – CONTROLS BASIC LIFE FUNCTIONS SUCH AS
BREATHING, HEART BEAT, AND SWALLOWING
d. Cerebellum – CONTROLS BALANCE AND COORDINATION
e. Pituitary Gland – CONTROLS GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
f. Frontal Lobe – CONTROLS MOTOR ACTIVITY, SPEECH, AND
THOUGHT. CONSCIOUS THOUGHT; INVOLVED IN
PLANNING, ORGANIZING, PROBLEM SOLVING.
PERSONALITY.
g. Occipital Lobe – CONTROLS VISUAL PROCESSING
h. Temporal Lobe – SENSE OF SMELL, SOUND, AND VISUAL
MEMORY
i. Parietal Lobe – SPATIAL AWARENESS. RESPONSIBLE FOR
SENSE OF TOUCH OR MANIPULATION OF OBJECTS.
7. Heart/Pumping Blood
a. Circulatory System – CIRCULATES BLOOD THROUGHOUT THE
BODY
b. Veins carry blood ___TOWARDS_______ the heart
Arteries carry blood _____AWAY_____ from the heart
c. Aorta – LARGEST ARTERY IN THE HEART
d. Main organ of the circulatory system – THE HEART
e. Ventricle – LOWER CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
f. Atrium – UPPER CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
g. Pulmonary Artery – CARRIES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD TO THE
LUNGS
h. Pulmonary Vein – CARRIES OXYGENATED BLOOD OUT OF THE
LUNGS
i. Valves – OPEN AND CLOSE TO ALLOW BLOOD TO FLOW IN
ONE DIRECTION
j. Septum – THICK WALL THAT SEPERATES THE LEFT SIDE
AND RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART
k. Superior / Inferior Vena Cava –
l. Three main parts of the circulatory system –
i. HEART
ii. BLOOD
iii. BLOOD VESSELS
m. Red blood cells – CARRIES OXYGEN FROM LUNGS TO CELLS
n. White blood cells – HELPS FIGHT INFECTION
o. Platelets – CREATES BLOOD CLOTS AND STOPS BLEEDING
8. Lungs – SPONGE-LIKE RESPIRATORY ORGANS
a. Respiratory System – BODIES BREATHING SYSTEM
b. Diaphragm – MUSCLE THAT MOVES UP AND DOWN TO HELP
LUNGS PULL AIR INTO AND PUSH AIR OUT OF THE BODY
c. Alveoli – TINY AIR SACS WITHIN THE LUNGS
d. Larynx – THE PART OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM THAT
HELPS US SPEAK KNOWN AS THE VOICE BOX
e. Bronchi – THE TWO BRANCHES OF THE WINDPIPE THAT
PULL AIR IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS
9. Kidneys - TWO ORGANS THAT FILTER WASTES FROM THE BLOOD
a. Ureter – TRANSPORTS WASTES (WATER, SLATS, UREA) FROM
KIDNEY (RENAL PELVIS) TO BLADDER
b. How much of urine is made up of water? 95% (2.5% UREA; 2.5%
OTHER)
c. Urethra – OPENING WHERE URINE LEAVES THE BODY
d. Urea – LIQUID WASTE FOUND IN BLOODSTREAM
10. Liver – LARGEST ORGAN INSIDE THE BODY, WHICH PRODUCES
BILE AND FILTERS TOXINS OUT OF NUTRIENT RICH BLOOD
11. Small Intestine – MAJOR SITE OF DIGESTION AND ABSORBS
NUTRIENTS FROM FOOD
12. Large Intestine (colon) - RECEIVES WASTE FROM SMALL INTESTINE
ABSORBS WATER AND SOLIDIFIES STOOL
13. Pancreas – RELEASES DIGESTIVE ENZYMES INTO THE SMALL
INTESTINE TO HELP DIGEST CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEIN, AND
FAT
14. Gallbladder – STORES BILE
15. Esophagus – TRANSPORTS FOOD FROM MOUTH INTO STOMACH
16. Stomach – ACTS AS A RESERVOIR FOR THE FOOD WE EAT AND
SECRETES ACID AND ENZYMES TO LIQUEFY FOOD
17. PATHWAY OF DIGESTION – MOUTH – ESOPHAGUS – STOMACH –
SMALL INTESTINE – LIVER - LARGE INTESTINE – RECTUM - ANUS