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CODE BLUE VOCABULARY Salivary glands: where saliva is produced to help break down food within the mouth Esophagus: a muscular tube that carries food to the stomach Stomach: churns the food and produces acid that helps in digestion Small intestine: nutrients pass through the walls into the bloodstream Pancreas: releases enzymes into the small intestine to aid in digestion Liver: where bile is made in order to aid in digestion Gall bladder: where bile is stored Saliva: a liquid in the mouth that helps to break down food for digestion Large intestine: absorbs the remaining water in the undigested food Villi: located in the small intestine, helps absorb nutrients from food Heart: the muscle in your body that pumps and circulates blood throughout your body Atrium: the upper chamber of the heart Ventricle: the lower chamber of the heart Septum: the thin muscular wall that divides the heart into a right and left side Aorta: the largest artery in the body Arteries: vessels that transport blood away from the heart Capillaries: extremely thin vessels where oxygen and nutrients in the blood are exchanged for carbon dioxide and wastes Veins: vessels that transport blood towards the heart Pulmonary arteries: carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen Pulmonary veins: carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart Bacteria: germs that are foreign to the body White blood cell: cells in our body that help us to stay healthy and fight germs Macrophage: a type of white blood cell that is the first to spot the germ Lymph node: located throughout the body and house white blood cells Spleen: houses white blood cells T-cells: a white blood cell that attacks the germ B-cells: a white blood cell that produce antibodies Antibody: coat germs to prevent them from harming the body ant to make them easier to kill Skin: first line of defense against germs Cerebrum: part of the brain that controls our thinking, emotions, sensations, memory and movement Cerebellum: part of the brain that coordinates movement and balance Brain stem: receives and relays information from the face, eyes, nose and tongue, keeps our heart beating and controls our breathing Spinal cord: made up of millions of nerves, it receives and relays information from all areas of the body Neurons: millions of cells that make up nerves Nerves: send messages throughout the body Axon: the long trunk of a nerve Dendrites: the smaller branches of a nerve Synapses: small spaces between the axons and dendrites Oxygen: the air we breathe Diaphragm: large breathing muscle that separates the heart and lungs from the abdominal cavity, contracts and draws air into the nose and mouth Trachea: the tube where air travels down to the bronchial tubes, also called “wind pipe” Bronchial tubes: air enters into on of the two tubes that carry air into the lungs Bronchioles: smaller tubes that branch from the bronchial tubes Alveoli: tiny air sacs that are located at the end of the bronchioles Carbon dioxide: we breathe out this chemical Lung: where the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen takes place Skeleton: made up of several different types of bones, provides us with structural support Bones: tough tissue that make up our skeleton to help provide us with support Joints: where bones come together Ligaments: bands of strong tissue that connect bone to bone Cartilage: covers bone ends to help the joint move smoothly, protects bones from wear and tear Muscles: fibrous bands that help us move and some of our organs function Tendons: tough fibrous bands that attach muscle to bone Skeletal muscle: provide power needed to move Cardiac muscle: found in heart, provide power to pump blood throughout body Smooth muscle: found in the walls of the body’s internal organs, performs many involuntary actions like forcing food through the intestinal tract