Download Cell Structure Part II - Mr. Lesiuk

The GOLGI Apparatus (body)
consists of about a dozen large
flattened sacs. It acts a bit like
a shipping and receiving
warehouse. Vesicles from the
Smooth and Rough E.R. come
in on one side to drop off their
contents. The proteins that are
dropped off are then slightly
modified, sorted, and then repackaged and shipped to where
they need to go. They are
either sent to various parts of
the cell or they are packaged
into secretory vesicles which
then empty their contents out
of the cell.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum along with the Golgi and the Cell
Membrane work together to form the main transport system through the
cell.
One larger special type of
vesicle formed off of the
Golgi, is a LYSOSOME.
Lysosomes contain
Hydrolytic Enzymes that
break things down.
“Lyse” = Break/Dissolve
“Some” = Body/Structure
They act to break
down incoming
macromolecules
into their
respective
monomers, as well
as to break down
foreign things like
germs. They are
also used by the
cell to break down
old cellular
components that
need to be recycled.
Cells wrap up stuff in small
membrane-bound vesicles
These vesicles
can be made
off of ER,
Golgi or the
cell membrane
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MfA
Chloroplasts – Don’t need to know their structure, just need to identify
them and know that they are found in plants and that they perform
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
To produce ATP – (energy
molecule for the cell) all cells will
have Mitochondria to run a
special type of reaction called
“Cellular Respiration”. The
hardest working cells in the
body, like muscle, kidney,
pancreatic, and sperm cells, will
be loaded with mitochondria.
Each mitochondrion, will have a
double membrane. The inner
membrane folds up and down to
create more surface area to hold
more enzymes. These extra
enzymes are required to run all
the reactions of “Cellular
Respiration”
Cellular Respiration
Throughout the
cytoplasm region
of the cell, there is
a vast network of
microscopic
filaments and
tubules that give
support and
structure to the
cell. This
Cytoskeleton also
creates an
infrastructure
that organelles
can fasten onto
and move up and
down.
The Cytoskeleton can help with:
A) Structure
B) Anchoring
C) Movement
Two common types of Microfilaments
include : Actin (thin) muscle filament
Microtubules are much larger and have a column-like
structure and are used to build bigger structural
components of the cell’s cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
found
throughout the
cytoplasm
region of a cell.
Like an invisible
set of scaffolding
Create tracklike pathways
that organelles
can be pulled
along.
Some of the larger cytoskeletal structures in the cell form from special
arrangements of microtubules. One of these larger structures is called a
CENTRIOLE. Centrioles consist of 27 microtubules arranged in 9
triplets. This formation is known as a “9 +0” arrangement.
A couple other larger cytoskeletal structures
include: Basal Bodies, Cilia and Flagella.
Basal Bodies – Used for anchoring cilia
and flagella into cytoskeleton. They also
possess the “9+0” arrangement.
Flagellum – Forms long whip-like tail on
sperm cell to create locomotion. They
consist of 20 microtubules; 9 doublets
with 2 central microtubules. This is
known as a “9 + 2” Arrangement.
Cilia – Are shorter whip-like oars that
stick out of a cell. They whip back and
forth to push stuff like mucous over the
surface of the cell. They possess the
same “9 + 2” Arrangement as the
Flagellum.
Fig. 3.12
Tap. 65
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