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Benchmark Second Nine Weeks
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16.
Compare the number of strands for
DNA and RNA.
DNA = 2 RNA = 1
Name the three parts of a
nucleotide.
sugar, phosphate,
nitrogen base
Mutations change the bases of DNA.
If one base is replaced with another,
what kind of mutation is this?
substitution
. Genes for different traits are
inherited independently of one
another states the law of
_______________
independent
assortment
Cross one homozygous dominant
genotype and one homozygous
recessive genotype. Describe the
results
All offspring in the
progeny will be
heterozygous and
display the
dominant
phenotype
What is genetic material within a
cell?
DNA
22.
What can cause changes in the
genetic material that lead to
variation in a species?
mutations
23.
What genotype has two different
alleles for a certain gene?
heterozygous
24.
Name the complementary mRNA
sequence for CGATTC
GCUAAG
25.
What process makes mRNA from
DNA?
transcription
26.
If a (diploid) cell has 24
chromosomes, how many are in a
(haploid) cell of that organism?
12
How many times does DNA
replication occur before meiosis?
1 during interphase
If two pea plants are crossed the
resulting plants may be tall or short
and produce yellow seeds or green
seeds. This is supported by
Mendel's Law of
__________________ .
independent
assortment
Write a homozygous dominant
genotype for the letter B.
BB
What is the triplet code (3 letters) of
mRNA needed to give an amino acid
order called?
codon
If two heterozygotes are crossed,
how many of their offspring will
also be heterozygotes?
50%
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31.
Compare asexual and sexual
reproduction with regard to
genetic variation
Cells produced in asexual
reproduction (yeast
cells)such as budding or
binary fission (bacteria)
are identical to the parent
(original) cell
A pea plant's height and seed
color denote its
___________________.
phenotype
What circular organelle is the
place where proteins are
made?
ribosomes
Where does transcription
occur?
nucleus
Diploid cells are converted
into haploid cells by
___________
meiosis
How do the bases pair up in
DNA?
A-T, C-G
If all plants that have the
genotype Tt are tall what
principle does this justify?
dominance
What two chromosomes may a
sperm carry for fertilization?
X or Y
What process makes sperm
and eggs?
meiosis
What type of reproduction
produces offspring that are
clones (identical)?
asexual or mitosis
__________________
are long chains of molecules
that make up DNA.
nucleotides
What is the genotypic ratio for
two heterozygous organisms
that are crossed?
1 homozygous dominant:
2 heterozygous: 1
homozygous recessive
1:2:1
Which bases have equal
amounts in DNA?
based on Chargaff's rule
adenine = thymine and
cytosine = guanine
Create a key to show the
genotypes and phenotypes for
all blood types
Phenotype = Genotype
A = AA or AO
B = BB or BO
AB = AB
O = OO
Cross a person with A blood
and a person with AB blood.
The parents of the person with
A blood were both AB. How
many A phenotypes result in
that cross?
AAxAB = 50% of progeny
will have A blood type
32.
Cross a person that is heterozygous for B blood and a person with O blood.
BOxOO = 50% B and 50% O in progeny
33.
What are gametes?
haploid sex cells such as sperm or egg
34.
Write a genotype that is homozygous recessive using the letter A.
aa
35.
What are the anticodons for the mRNA below?
CAU GCA UGG
GUA CGU ACC
36.
Where does translation occur?
ribosomes