Download Treatments for Mental Illness

Treating Mental Illness
Bittu
Majmudar
September 25, 2007
Neuroethics
Categories of Mental Illness
• Anxiety Disorders
– Generalized Anxiety Disorder
– Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
– Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
– Panic Disorder
– Social Anxiety Disorder
– Specific Phobias
• Mood Disorders
– Depression
– Mania
– Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression)
Categories of Mental Illness
• Psychotic Disorders
– Schizophrenia
• Eating Disorders
– Anorexia Nervosa
– Bulimia Nervosa
• Impulse Control & Addiction Disorders
– Pyromania (starting fires)
– Kleptomania (stealing)
– Compulsive Gambling
Categories of Mental Illness
• Personality Disorders
– Antisocial Personality Disorder
– Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
– Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Adjustment Disorder
• Dissociative Disorders
– Dissociative Identity Disorder
– Depersonalization Disorder
• Somatoform Disorders
• Tic Disorders
– Tourette Syndrome
Mental Health Care Practitioners
• Psychiatrist
– medical doctor
• Psychologist
– master’s or doctoral degree
• Psychiatric Social Worker
– specialized training in psychotherapy
• Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse
– training in behavioral health
Mental Health Care Practitioners
• Psychoanalyst
– any of the previous with training in psychoanalysis
• Mental Health Counselor
– licensed professional counselors
• Pastoral Counselor
– additional religious or theological training
• Psychotherapist
– general practitioner that provides mental health
care
Treatments & Therapies
• Drug Therapy
• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
• Psychotherapy
– Supportive Psychotherapy
– Psychoanalysis
– Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
– Cognitive Therapy
– Behavior Therapy (Exposure Therapy)
– Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
(Dialectical Behavior Therapy)
– Group / Interpersonal Therapy
Treatments & Therapies
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Biomedical Treatment
Spiritual Treatment
Self-Help Treatment
Holistic Treatments
– Yoga / Meditation
• Alternative Treatments
– Acupuncture
– Biofeedback
– Hypnosis / Dream Interpretation
– Magnetic Stimulation Therapy
Drug Therapy
• Depression
– tricyclics: imipramine, desipramine
– monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
– selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs):
fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram
– new: bupropion
• Schizophrenia
– antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medications: clozapine,
risperidone, olanzapine
Drug Therapy
• Bipolar Disorder
– antimanic medications: lithium
– antidepressants
– anticonvulsants: valproic acid, carbamazepine,
topiramate
• ADD / ADHD
– stimulant medications: amphetamine,
methylphenidate
– non-stimulant medications: atomoxetine
Drug Therapy
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
– buspirone, propranolol
– antianxiety medications: benzodiazepines
– antidepressant medications: fluoxetine, paroxetine,
sertraline
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
• severe depression accompanied by psychosis,
suicidal intent, or refusal to eat
• mania that does not improve with medications
• schizophrenia when symptoms are severe or
medications aren’t enough
Psychotherapy
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depression
bipolar disorder
personality disorders
dissociative disorders
anxiety disorders
impulse control & addiction disorders
Questions to Contemplate…
• What criteria should be used to define mental
illness and abnormal v. normal behavior?
• Does refusal to accept treatment indicate a lack
of decision-making capacity?
• At what point is informed consent inapplicable
and involuntary treatment necessary?