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1/6/2016 EUROPE’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY NATURAL BOUNDARY Please get out 4 different colored pencils and a highlighter! The Ural Mountains extend for 2,400 km (1,500 mi) from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the steppes of Kazakhstan in the south. The Urals are traditionally considered the boundary between the European and Asian continents. EUROPE IS A PENINSULA OF PENINSULAS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. SCANDINAVIAN JUTLAND IBERIAN APENNINE BALKAN Iberian Peninsula Strait of Gibraltar Also called the Italian Peninsula. 1 1/6/2016 Europe can be divided into four major landform regions: 1.Northwest Highlands 2.Northern European Plain 3.Central Uplands 4.Alpine Mt. System balkanization 1. NORTHWEST HIGHLANDS The Northwest Highlands is an eroded area of rugged hills and low mountains. It forms all of Iceland, Ireland, part of the island of Great Britain, most of the Scandinavian peninsula, north west part of France and much of the Iberian peninsula. Some of these mountains are believed to be between 395 and 500MILLION years old. During the last ice age, glaciers scoured the landscapes of Scandinavia and much of the British Isles. Glacial Effects: 1. fjords 2. thousands of lakes 3. thin soils 2 1/6/2016 NOT EXACTLY!!! FJORDS NARROW DEEP INLETS OF THE SEA SET BETWEEN HIGH ROCK CLIFFS… That’s more like it….. 3 1/6/2016 2. NORTH EUROPEAN PLAIN Stretches from France’s Atlantic coast all the way to Ural Mts. Characteristics: • Most of the plain is less than 500 feet above sea level. • Many rivers flow across it before reaching the ocean. RESULTS……. Today: -Most important farming and industrial region. • River towns and port cities have developed. Large cities like Paris and Berlin are located in this region. • Many rivers, short distances and smooth terrain have made human contact relatively easy= many culture groups have traveled, traded and migrated through the region. -Densely populated 3. Central Uplands • • • • area of hills and small plateaus old eroded region forested slopes and fertile valleys many of Europe’s productive coal fields 4 1/6/2016 Last but not least, is Europe’s youngest region… Massif Central in France. The Alpine mountain system *Alps *Carpathian (Eastern Europe) *Apennines (Italy) *Pyrenees (France and Spain) Alps stretch from France’s Mediterranean coast to the Balkan peninsula. Many peaks reach the heights of more than 14,000 feet. Because of the high elevations, the Alps have high snowfields, glaciers and avalanches are fairly common in winter. Despite their height, people have crossed the Alps through Mountain passes for thousands of years to trade and travel. P.S. Skiing as a sport was invented here!!! 65 million years ago… DANGER! EARTHQUAKES!!!!!!! Tectonic processes formed the Alpine system … The African plate began pushing against the Eurasian plate…. 5 1/6/2016 Tectonic activity continues today. A subduction zone off the coast of southern Italy and Greece still creates powerful earthquakes and volcanoes. Iceland also experiences this! Use what you know about history and explain how you think Europe’s peninsular location affected its history… Is it a positive factor or negative? How has it affected the locations of cities and settlements? HOMEWORK TONIGHT Now what about climate….. Read “Water Systems” in Chapter 11, Lesson 1. • Take notes focusing on significant characteristics and purposes of Europe’s rivers. • Also take note of whenever the reading compares or contrasts, describes cause and effect, or identifies pros or cons. • Describe the innovation used in The Netherlands to overcome 25% of land below sea level. DUE WEDNESDAY, 1/6! MEET IN LECTURE HALL TOMORROW FOR CLASS!!!! 6