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The Physical Geography of Europe and Russia Landforms (4 major regions): 1. Northwest Highlands: rugged hills & low mountains, Iberian Peninsula is part of this (fjords) 2. Northern European Plain: broad coastal plain (from coast of France to Urals) 3. Central Uplands: hills, small plateaus & fertile valleys 4. Alpine Mountains System: includes a series of ranges that stretch across Europe Mountain Ranges: Alpine Mountain System – across southern Europe to the Balkan Peninsula Ranges such as the Alps, Apennines, Pyrenees, and Carpathians make-up this system (cover most of Switzerland and Austria – parts of Italy and France). Mountain Ranges: Ural Mountains Divide the region Areas west are part of Europe, to the east, Asia Peninsulas: The Northern Peninsulas: Scandinavian Peninsula = Norway and Sweden Fjords: long, steep-sided glacial valley now filled by seawater Jutland = Denmark Peninsulas (cont.): The Southern Peninsulas: Iberian Peninsula = Spain and Portugal (semi-arid plateau) Apennine Peninsula = Italy (mountainous) Balkan Peninsula = former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey - very mountainous Scandinavian Peninsula Iberian Peninsula Apennine Peninsula Major Water Features: Mediterranean Sea: lies to the south of Europe (connected to the Black Sea and Bosporus) North Sea: along the shores of northern Europe (south of the Scandinavian Peninsula & northeast of the British Isles) – key for trading and fishing Atlantic Ocean: lies to the west of the European continent Water Features: Rivers: Rhine – most important river in western Europe – flows from Switzerland to the North Sea Danube – flows 1,776 miles from Germany to the Black Sea Thames – allows oceangoing ships to reach the port of London Rhone – runs through Switzerland and France towards Lake Geneva Rivers of the Region: The Rhone The Danube near the Romanian – Siberian border The River Thames The Volga River: Located in the southwestern part of Russia near Volgograd South flowing river Plays a major role in the shipping industry as well as a source of hydroelectric power Siberia: is a vast region on the eastern and NorthEastern part of Russia It extends eastward from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and southward from the Arctic Ocean to the hills of north-central Kazakhstan and the national borders of both Mongolia and China Siberia: