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Download Immune System Reading Notes Nonspecific Defenses and External
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Immune System Reading Notes Nonspecific Defenses and External Barriers and Internal Defenses(pages 528-532) The human body has 3 The 3 lines of defense are lines of defense that protect us from microbes The 1st 2 lines of defense are nonspecific External barriers are important External barriers are important because Physical barriers include (explain each one) Nonspecific chemical defenses include (explain them) Nonspecific internal defenses are the second line of defense Flushing of the body’s systems (explain them) Depends mostly on white blood cells Neutrophils and macrophages Natural killer cells Proteins of the second line of defense Interferons are Interferons work by Interferons are a good example of a nonspecific defense Complement proteins work by (3 ways) The inflammatory response The signs of the inflammatory response are The inflammatory response is 3 steps of the inflammatory response are Prostaglandins are Pyrogens Anti-inflammatory drugs work by The lymphatic system The lymphatic system consist of The two functions of the lymphatic system are The role of the lymphatic system in fighting an infection Summary: Specific Defenses– pages 532 – 533 and 534-535 and 537-538 Consists of The immune system Recognizes and attacks Antigens Antigens are Most antigens are Some can also be Antibodies Antibodies are Antibodies are produced The immune system has memory This means that For example The immune response is adaptive This means that The major players in the immune response: Lymphocytes Lymphocytes are Lymphocytes originate in B cells T cells Humoral immune response Occurs when Defends primarily against The antibodies Cell mediated response Produced by Occurs when T cells function indirectly Antigen receptors Antigen receptors are Antigen receptors are specific because A great diversity of B and T cells develop This diversity is enough to Antibodies A typical antibody consists of During the humoral response an antibody Antibodies differ from on another This structural variety gives The main role of antibodies Main role is Two main kinds of T cells T helper cells Cytotoxic T cells Summary: Immunity – page 533 (paragraphs 3-5), pages 536-537 (immunological memory) Immunity Immunity means Two ways immunity is acquired are During vaccination Active immunity Passive immunity Active immunity occurs when Passive immunity is acquired by Immunological memory The primary immune response occurs Characteristics of the primary immune response are Memory cells The secondary immune response occurs when Characteristics of the secondary immune response are Summary: Immune Disorders – pages 538-541 Allergies are Allergies Allergens are Examples of allergens include Two stage reaction of allergy symptoms Sensitization occurs when 3 steps of sensitization Second stage occurs when 2 steps of the second stage Anaphylactic shock During anaphylactic shock Autoimmune diseases Our cells are able to distinguish self from nonself because Autoimmune disease result when 3 autoimmune disease are (describe them) Immunodeficiency diseases Immunodeficient people lack Name and describe 2 immunodeficient diseases AIDS AIDS is caused by HIV is deadly because Affect of HIV attacking helper T cells Death usually results from