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A TOUR OF THE CELL
TEM of Animal Cell
TEM of Plant Cell
Organelles


“Little organs”
Structures inside cells
that carry out specific
activities.
Nucleus
1.
Nucleus



Nickname: “The Control
Center”
Function: holds the DNA
Parts:


Nucleolus: dark spot in the
middle of the nucleus that
helps make ribosomes
Surrounded by nuclear
envelope =with pores.
Nuclear Membrane Pores
Centriole




Found in cytoplasm.
Always two of them.
Participate in cell
division.
Made of protein
fibers.
Cytoplasm

Portion of the cell
outside the nucleus.
Ribosomes
2.
Ribosomes



Function: makes
proteins
Found in all cells,
prokaryotic and
eukaryotic
Made of RNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)





Site where lipids and
proteins are assembled
and delivered
“Roads”
Rough ER = has
ribosomes
Smooth ER = no
ribosomes = clean up
wastes.
Many smooth ER in
liver cells.
Golgi Apparatus



Modifies, sorts, and
packages proteins
from the ER.
“Shipping station”
Structure = Pancake
stacks.
Vesicle


Function in
transporting
substances out of the
cell = “transport sack”
Are released from the
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes



Small organelles filled
with enzymes.
Digest and break
down lipids,
carbohydrates, and
proteins.
“Clean-up crew”
Lysosome Animation
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072437316/student
_view0/chapter5/animations.html#
Mitochondria





Convert food into
energy in the form of
ATP.
“Powerhouse of the
Cell”
Outer membrane
Inner membrane =
folds
Muscles cells have
many. Why?
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton




Network of protein
fibers that help
support the cell.
Helps the cell
maintain its shape.
Also help move
particles across the
cell.
“The Skeleton”
Cell Membrane




Cell membrane =
controls what enters
and leaves the cell =
selectively permeable
“The Gates”
Provides protection
and support.
Phospholipid bilayer
Structures Found in Plants
Only
Chloroplasts



Convert sunlight
energy into chemical
energy =
photosynthesis
Found in plant cells
“Solar electricity”
Vacuoles




Saclike structures
Store materials
(water, salts, proteins,
and carbohydrates)
“Storage room”
Plants contain one
large vacuole filled
with liquid.
Cell Wall


Provides support and
protection for the cell.
Found outside the cell
membrane.
Comparing Plants and Animal Cells:
Venn Diagram
Plant
Animal
Let’s Practice!
http://www.wisconline.com/objects/index_tj.asp?o
bjid=AP11403
The Virtual Cell
http://aimediaserver.com/studiodai
ly/videoplayer/?src=harvard/harva
rd.swf&width=640&height=520
Review Questions



Why do cells that make a lot of protein
have more Rough ER than cells that
don’t?
Why is it important that the cell’s digestive
enzymes are enclosed inside the
lysosome?
Compare a cell to a factory, a city, or a
school. Use analogies for each organelle.