Download 7.3 Cell Structures

Parts of the Cell
Chapter 7.3
Discussion Question #6
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plVk4NVIUh8
• What is MRSA?
• Why are bacteria able to evolve so quickly?
1.
2.
3.
Review
• What is the difference between passive and active transport?
• What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
– Diffusion: small uncharged molecules squeeze through phospholipid layer
– Facilitated diffusion: medium sized charged molecule go through transport proteins
• What are the 4 functions of a cell membrane?
• What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
• What is the difference between isotonic solutions, hypotonic
solutions, and hypertonic solutions?
• How do we transport large molecules?
Osmosis (a type of passive transport)
•
•
Osmosis- the passive transport of water across a selective permeable membrane
3 types of solutions that affect osmosis all because of equilibrium
– Hypertonic solution: the solution on the outside has more ions than the inside of the
cell causing the water in the cell to want to rush out and equal out the ions on the
outside (solution has high concentration)
• Cell shrivels
– Hypotonic solution: higher concentration of ions on the inside of the cell than on the
outside causing water to rush in to equal things out (solution has low concentration)
• Cell swells
– Isotonic solution: equal concentrations of ions on the inside of the cell and solution
outside of the cell
• Cell is unchanged
Prokaryotes (bacteria)
•
Nucleoid- control center that does NOT have a membrane around it and holds the DNA
• Cytoplasm- the liquid “goo” that everything in the cell sits in
• Ribosomes- protein factories that build the proteins for the cell
• Plasmid- packets of DNA that the bacteria can swap with other bacteria to make it
more resistant to medicine
• Cell membrane- regulates the transport of substances in and out of the cell
• Cell wall- rigid outer structure that protects the cell and gives it structure
• Capsule-slippery layer of the cell that keeps it from drying out and helps it slip
away when phagocytes try to engulf it
• Pili- help bacteria attach to surfaces
• Flagella- whip like tail for movement
Discussion Question #8
List as many structures as you can on this prokaryote?
(there are 9 total)
Eukaryotes
Nucleus (control center)
• The nucleus is located in the center of the cell
– Holds the cells genetic material (DNA)
– Is the control center(brain) of the cell
• The nucleus is broken down into parts
– Nucleolus- dark area inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made
– Nuclear membrane- membrane that covers the nucleus
– Nuclear pores- openings in the nuclear membrane that allow things in
Ribosomes (protein factories) & ER
• Ribosomes- the little dots found in the cytoplasm or attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum that make proteins for the cell
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): work with ribosomes to make proteins
– A folded network of compartments attached to the nucleus.
– The folds increase the surface area for cellular functions to take place
• Rough ER- ER with ribosomes attached to the outside surface.
– Makes it bumpy looking or rough
– This is where most of the cells proteins are made
• Smooth ER- ER with no ribosomes attached, responsible for making lipids
Both package and deliver new proteins and lipids via vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.
Golgi Apparatus (FED-EX)
• Golgi Apparatus- a stack of folded up membrane sacs that packages
proteins and ships them through out the cell
– Looks like a stack of pancakes
– Receives newly made proteins and lipids from
the ER which it then modifies, repackages
(in vesicles) and distributes to the rest of the cell
• Vesicles (transporters)- membrane bound transporters that take
proteins and other packages around the cell and out of the cell
Vacuoles (containers)
• Vacuoles(containers)- large membrane bound sacs that store products
– Common in plant cells (central vacuole), used to store water and nutrients
– Also found in single celled eukaryotes as a “contractile vacuole” which
pumps excess water out of the cell.
• Lysosomes (patrol officers)- small membrane bound sacs that are filled with
digestive enzymes and they wander around the cell dissolving nutrients in
the cell or “lysing” bacteria cells that are trying to cause harm inside the cell
• Centrioles- tubes used as winches during cell division
Vacuoles can take
up to 30% of a
plant cell’s volume
Pathway of particles
• Ribosomes found on the rough ER make LOTS of proteins
• A part of the membrane of the rough ER pinches off and becomes a
vesicle to transport the proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi
Apparatus
• The vesicle dumps the protein off at the Golgi Apparatus and dissolves
into the Golgi’s membrane
• The proteins get repackaged by the Golgi (FED-EX) and shipped through
out the cell though other vesicles and some products get stored in the
vacuole
Enough about transport, how do cells get their energy????
Chloroplasts & Mitochondria (POWERHOUSES)
• Chloroplasts- green jelly bean like structures inside PLANT cells
that produce almost all of the energy that plants need to grow
– The stacks of green discs are the actual structures that produce the
all of the energy through photosynthesis
• Mitochondria- chili bean looking structures that produce
energy for plant and animal cells
– Makes ATP (packets of energy) for
the cell to use
– Site of cellular respiration
Skeleton & Movement
• Cytoskeleton- the straw like structures on the inside of the cell that
act as a skeleton (made of protein)
– Like the steel beams of a building that give it strength
• Microtubules- rigid straight tubes that act as structural support
• Microfilaments- thin protein thread/webs that help give cells shape
• Flagella- long whip like structures for movement
• Cilia- short hair like structures found all over the cells aid in
movement (work like boat oars)
Outer Barrier
• Cell membrane- (phospholipid bilayer) outer layer on animal cells,
inner layer on plants that regulates what goes in and out of a cell
• Cell wall- rigid outer most layer of plant cells made of cellulose and
provides structure for the plant
Working together
• All of the organelles in the cell have very different jobs but they all work
together to make the cell function properly.
Animal Cells vs Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Both
Plant Cells
Discussion Question #9
• Draw a eukaryotic animal cell and label as many
organelles/structures as you can remember.
Discussion Question #10
• Draw a eukaryotic PLANT cell and label as many
organelles/structures as you can remember.