Download Ch 13 Big Review

AP Psychology CHAPTER 13 Big Review
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Therapies designed to give people better self-understanding of their feelings, motives, expectations, and
actions are called ________ therapies.
A) individual
B) behavioral
C) insight
D) group
2) Client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, and psychoanalysis are examples of ________ therapies.
A) reality
B) cognitive
C) insight
D) behavior
3) Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by ________.
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Rogers
C) Fritz Perls
D) Alfred Adler
4) Bringing repressed feelings to consciousness is the goal of ________ therapy.
A) rational-emotive
B) behavior
C) client-centered
D) psychoanalytic
5) The psychoanalytic patient who lets his thoughts flow without interruption or inhibition is using ________.
A) free association
B) regression
C) catharsis
D) positive transference
6) Free association is a technique used in ________ therapy.
A) client-centered
B) psychoanalytic
C) Gestalt
D) rational-emotive
7) The patient's carrying over to the analyst feelings held toward childhood authority figures is known as
________.
A) free association
B) abreaction
C) transference
D) catharsis
8) In psychoanalysis, the goal of an analyst's interpretation of a patient's feelings is to ________.
A) give the patient insight
B) give the patient guidelines for successful living
9) In psychotherapy, the awareness of previously unconscious feelings and memories and how they influence
present feelings and behavior is called ________.
A) insight
B) free association
C) catharsis
D) transference
10) Neo-Freudians differ from traditional Freudian approaches to therapy in that they encourage clients to focus
on the ________ and they favor ________ their patients.
A) past; sitting behind and passively listening to
B) past; face-to face discussions with
C) present; face-to-face discussions with
D) present; sitting behind and passively listening to
11) According to Rogers, the goal of client-centered therapy is to ________.
A) help clients become more fully functioning
B) help clients accept their psychological and biological limitations
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12) Rogers felt that it was most important for clients to gain insight about ________.
A) the effects of environmental stimuli on their behavior
B) current feelings
C) repressed memories from early childhood
D) unconscious conflicts and wishes
13) Traditional psychoanalysis can take ________ years or more to affect a recovery.
A) 10
B) 2
C) 5
D) 15
14) Gestalt therapy emphasizes ________.
A) the role of unsatisfactory relationships in the development of maladaptive behaviors
B) the present and face-to-face confrontations
15) Making love and acceptance of a person contingent upon that person conforming to what you want them to
be is known as ________.
A) unconditional positive regard
B) conditional positive regard
C) psychological congruence
D) positive transference
16) The cardinal rule in client-centered therapy is for the therapist to express ________ for the patient.
A) conditional positive regard
B) positive transference
C) psychological congruence
D) unconditional positive regard
17) Rogers was mostly interested in ________.
A) understanding the processes in therapy that led to positive results
B) comparing his therapy to others to prove its superiority
18) Gestalt therapy is designed to help people ________.
A) become more genuine in their daily interactions
B) become fully functioning
C) work through repressed conflicts
19) The “empty chair technique” was first developed and used by ________ therapists.
A) rational-emotive
B) psychoanalytic
C) Gestalt
D) client-centered
20) The delivery of health care over the Internet or other electronic means is known as ________.
A) remote access health
B) telehealth
C) secondary health care
D) distance health care
21) Recent trends in therapy have been toward ________.
A) longer-term humanistic approaches
C) more traditional psychoanalytic approaches
B) short-term dynamic therapy
D) metaphysical spiritual approaches
22) The person most closely associated with desensitization is ________.
A) Skinner
B) Wolpe
C) Ellis
D) Adler
23) Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behavior is learned, and
that the objective of therapy is to teach people new, more satisfying ways of behaving are ________ therapies.
A) traditional psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) behavior
D) short-term psychodynamic
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24) According to behavior theory, the therapist should ________.
A) teach a client more satisfying ways of behaving
B) provide a warm atmosphere for discussing problems
25) Each of the following is a classical conditioning technique used in behavior therapy EXCEPT ________.
A) flooding
B) systematic desensitization
C) extinction
D) modeling
26) The method that gradually reduces a client's fears by training the client to remain relaxed and calm in the
presence of a fear-producing stimulus is ________.
A) systematic desensitization
B) reciprocal inhibition
C) free association
D) operant conditioning
27) Which method is MOST appropriate for treating fears and phobias?
A) behavioral contracting
B) aversive conditioning
C) operant conditioning
D) systematic desensitization
28) Arranging anxiety-provoking situations in a hierarchy would be characteristic of ________.
A) aversive conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) systematic desensitization
D) behavioral contracting
29) A technique that aims to eliminate a fear through full-intensity exposure to a feared stimulus for a prolonged
period of time is ________.
A) aversive conditioning
B) flooding
C) paradoxical intent
D) systematic desensitization
30) Aversive conditioning is aimed at ________.
A) desensitizing the patient to his or her problems
B) eliminating undesirable behavior patterns
C) giving the client insight into behavior problems
D) teaching a client new behavioral strategies
31) In which of the following therapies might a therapist use real physical pain to change behavior?
A) psychoanalysis
B) operant conditioning
C) aversive conditioning
D) desensitization
32) Jerry is 22 years old and still gets cavities from eating too many sweets. Jerry's dentist trains him to think of
the pain of having his teeth drilled each time he reaches for a piece of candy. The dentist is using ________ to
cure Jerry's excessive intake of sweets.
A) aversive conditioning
B) desensitization
C) behavioral contracting
D) negative transference
33) Which technique uses reinforcement to change behavior?
A) operant conditioning
C) aversive conditioning
B) desensitization
D) classical conditioning
34) Behavior contracting is a(n) ________ therapy technique.
A) Gestalt
C) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
D) cognitive
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35) The process of learning by watching someone else perform various behaviors is called ________.
A) classical conditioning
B) free association
C) voyeurism
D) modeling
36) A client at a mental institution is rewarded for improved grooming habits with tokens he can exchange for
special foods or weekend passes. This technique is called ________.
A) a token economy
B) transactional analysis
C) behavioral contracting
D) reality therapy
37) Stress-inoculation therapy is one type of ________ therapy.
A) psychoanalytic
B) rational-emotive
C) client-centered
D) cognitive
38) Stress-inoculation therapy involves ________.
A) training clients to cope with situations they find stressful because of their misconceptions
B) using physical fitness techniques to improve clients' physical health that, in turn, makes them more
resistant to stress
39) Stress inoculation therapy makes use of ________ to help clients cope with stressful situations.
A) operant conditioning
B) self-efficacy expectancies
C) biofeedback
D) self-talk
40) Stress-inoculation therapy works by turning a client's ________ into a kind of vaccine against stress-induced
anxiety.
A) emotions
B) memories
C) behaviors
D) thought patterns
41) Showing a client how his or her irrational and self-defeating beliefs are causing problems is MOST
characteristic of ________ therapy.
A) psychoanalytic
B) behavioral
C) rational-emotive
D) client-centered
42) The therapist most widely known for his development of rational-emotive therapy is ________.
A) Lazarus
B) Wolpe
C) Beck
D) Ellis
43) Rational-emotive therapy is a type of ________ therapy.
A) cognitive
B) behavior
C) reality
D) insight
44) A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating beliefs. She uses persuasion,
confrontation, challenge, commands, and theoretical arguments to challenge those beliefs. She is probably a
________ therapist.
A) rational-emotive
B) cognitive behavior
C) psychoanalytic
D) client-centered
45) Psychotherapies that emphasize changing clients' perceptions of their life situation as a way of modifying
their behavior are called ________ therapy.
A) client-centered
B) Gestalt
C) cognitive
D) behavior
46) A therapist believes that her client suffers from misconceptions about himself and his relationship to his
environment, based on unrealistic expectations about himself. She is probably a ________ therapist.
A) client-centered
B) psychoanalytic
C) rational-emotive
D) Gestalt
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47) Beck and Ellis are both known for their work in developing ________ therapies.
A) behavioral
B) client-centered
C) cognitive
D) Gestalt
48) Beck's cognitive therapy is particularly effective in the treatment of ________.
A) anxiety disorders
B) depression
C) schizophrenia
D) somatoform disorders
49) The therapist most closely associated with the development of “cognitive therapy” is ________.
A) BECK!!!!! :>
B) Skinner
C) Wolpe
D) Lazarus
50) Beck's cognitive therapy is MOST similar to ________.
A) psychoanalysis
B) rational-emotive therapy
51) An advantage to group therapy is that groups ________.
A) maintain neutrality on sensitive issues
B) are a source of social support
52) An estimated ________ million Americans suffer some kind of psychological problem.
A) 50 — 60
B) 40 — 50
C) 10 — 20
D) 30 — 40
53) Alcoholics Anonymous is a particularly well-known ________ group.
A) structured behavior therapy
B) psychoanalytic therapy
C) desensitization
D) self-help
54) Research indicates that psychotherapy is ________.
A) more effective for severe disorders than for mild disorders
B) more effective for mild disorders than for severe disorders
55) Allen has a drug abuse problem. He is MOST likely to be successfully treated by ________.
A) couple therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) Gestalt therapy
D) behavior therapy
56) People seeking extensive scrutiny of themselves or profound self-understanding are BEST served by
________ therapy.
A) group
B) aversive
C) insight
D) behavior
57) The trend in psychotherapy is toward ________.
A) group treatment
C) eclecticism
B) humanistic therapy
D) behavior therapy
58) The psychotherapeutic approach that recognizes the value of a broad treatment package over a rigid
commitment to one particular form of therapy is ________.
A) situationalism
B) existentialism
C) eclecticism
D) interactionism
59) Allen is suffering from depression. He is MOST likely to successfully treat his depression with ________
therapy.
A) psychoanalytic
B) behavior
C) Gestalt
D) cognitive
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60) Allen is suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. He is MOST likely to be effectively treated by ________
therapy.
A) family
B) couple
C) cognitive
D) behavior
61) Medication, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery are all types of ________.
A) emotive therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) reality therapy
D) biological treatment
62) Biological treatments are preferred when the patient is ________.
A) elderly
B) from another culture
C) a child or an adolescent
D) bothered by difficulties that are difficult to treat with psychotherapy
63) Traditionally, ________ were the only mental health professionals licensed to offer biological treatments.
A) psychologists
B) counselors
C) psychiatrists
D) therapists
64) Drugs were not widely used to treat psychological disorders until the ________.
A) 1930s
B) 1950s
C) 1970s
D) 1990s
65) The effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs supports the notion that schizophrenia is linked to ________.
A) insufficient blood flow to the frontal lobes of the brain
B) a deficit of dopamine in the brain
C) an excess of dopamine in the brain
D) structural abnormalities in the motor areas of the brain
66) The drug ________ is used to treat depression.
A) Prozac
B) Ritalin
C) Tofranil
D) Valium
67) The drug ________ is used to treat depression.
A) Valium
B) Prozac
C) Ritalin
D) Tofranil
68) Which of the following drugs would be the treatment of choice for schizophrenia?
A) phenothiazine
B) lithium
C) librium
D) dexedrine
69) A major antipsychotic tranquilizer is ________.
A) insulin
B) Valium
C) Miltown
D) phenothiazine
70) A major antipsychotic tranquilizer is ________.
A) insulin
B) Miltown
C) Valium
D) reserpine
71) Until the end of the 1980s, there were only two main types of antidepressant drugs: ________.
A) tricyclics and phenothiazines
B) Prozac and MAO inhibitors
C) MAO inhibitors and tricyclics
D) Prozac and tricyclics
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72) Drugs that combat depression work by ________.
A) blocking dopamine receptors in the brain
B) inhibiting the function of the medulla and the pons
C) increasing the amount of acetylcholine in the brain
D) reducing the reuptake of serotonin in the brain
73) In 1988, the new drug ________ was put on the market as the first of a new class of antidepressant drugs.
A) Ecstasy
B) Halcion
C) Thorazine
D) Prozac
74) Prozac works by ________ the uptake of ________ in the nervous system.
A) increasing; norepinephrine
B) reducing; serotonin
C) reducing; norepinephrine
D) increasing; serotonin
75) Prozac is part of a class of antidepressant drugs known as ________.
A) MAO inhibitors
B) SSRIs
C) phenothiazines
D) tricyclics
76) Prozac is part of a class of antidepressant drugs known as ________.
A) SSRIs
B) tricyclics
C) MAO inhibitors
D) phenothiazines
77) Which of the following classes of antidepressant drugs has the fewest side effects?
A) MAO inhibitors
B) All three classes of anti-depressant drugs have side effects of similar severity.
C) tricyclics
D) SSRIs
78) Antidepressant drugs have also been shown to be effective in treating each of the following disorders
EXCEPT ________.
A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) social phobia
C) conversion disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder
79) Certain types of ________ medications are also effective in reducing episodes of panic and alleviating
obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
A) psychostimulant
B) antipsychotic
C) analgesic
D) antidepressant
80) Jean has been under a psychiatrist's care for schizophrenia. She has recently developed a motor disturbance
that includes trouble controlling her facial muscles. While her original condition is improving, she still does
not function like a fully alert and normal person. Her doctor has probably been treating her with ________.
A) phenothiazines
B) psychosurgery
C) ECT
D) tricyclic drugs
81) A disturbance of motor control, particularly of the facial muscles, that results from the use of antipsychotic
drugs is ________.
A) Wernicke's syndrome
B) delirium tremens
C) Korsakoff's syndrome
D) tardive dyskinesia
82) Tardive dyskinesia results from the prolonged use of ________ drugs.
A) antidepressant
B) anti-inflammatory
C) antipsychotic
D) antianxiety
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83) Each of the following is true of antipsychotic drugs EXCEPT ________.
A) they do not cure schizophrenia
B) they help patients adjust socially once they are outside an institutional setting
C) they can cause side effects including blurred vision, weight gain, and constipation.
D) they alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia while the patient is taking them
84) Valium is technically classified as a(n) ________.
A) sedative
C) antidepressant drug
B) antianxiety drug
D) psychostimulant
85) If you wanted to produce calm and drowsiness in a client, reduce agitation and induce sleep, you would be
most successful by using a(n) ________.
A) sedative
B) antianxiety drug
C) psychostimulant
D) antidepressant drug
86) Electroconvulsive therapy is most often used to alleviate ________.
A) anxiety
B) schizophrenia
C) severe depression
D) somatoform disorders
87) If you wanted to treat severe depression that was not responding to drugs or psychotherapy, you would be
most likely to succeed by using ________.
A) psychosurgery
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) relaxation training and meditation
D) trephining
88) ECT typically consists of ________ session(s).
A) ten or fewer
B) one
C) three to five
D) eleven or more
89) The fatality rate for ECT is ________ for people taking antidepressant drugs.
A) markedly lower than
B) about the same as
C) markedly higher than
D) slightly higher than
90) Unilateral ECT produces ________ side effects and is ________ effective than traditional ECT.
A) more; much less
B) more; slightly more
C) fewer; slightly less
D) fewer; much more
91) Electroconvulsive therapy ________.
A) has no side effects
B) is more effective in treating schizophrenic disorders than mood disorders
C) is most effective if administered several times a week for several weeks
D) often results in memory impairment
92) Electroconvulsive therapy is ________ in treating depression.
A) considered a “last resort”
B) virtually never used today
C) the first method most psychiatrists try
D) the most common method for long-term use
93) Brain surgery performed to change a person's behavior and emotional state is known as ________.
A) psychosurgery
B) organic intervention therapy
C) psychoneuropendectomy
D) biomedical intervention
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94) The effects of psychosurgery ________.
A) are all negative
C) are useless in controlling pain
B) do not include undesirable side effects
D) are difficult to predict
95) About ________ percent of people suffering from major depression do not respond to antidepressant
medication.
A) 65
B) 45
C) 25
D) 5
96) Bob has been under a physician's care for depression. Although his symptoms have completely disappeared,
he has been suffering some nausea, insomnia, headaches, anxiety, and impaired sexual functioning. Bob's
doctor has probably been treating him with ________.
A) lithium
B) antidepressant drugs
97) Bob has been under a physician's care for bipolar disorder. Bob's doctor is MOST likely to prescribe which of
the following to treat Bob's disorder?
A) Prozac
B) Ritalin
C) tricyclics
D) lithium
98) Lithium is a naturally occurring ________.
A) plant
B) drug
C) salt
99) Psychostimulants are used to treat ________.
A) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
C) manic episodes
B) major depressive episodes
D) bipolar disorder
D) enzyme
100) If you wanted to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, you would be most successful by prescribing
a(n) ________.
A) psychostimulant
B) sedative
C) antianxiety drug
D) antidepressant
101) Ritalin is a drug technically classified as a(n) ________.
A) sedative
B) antidepressant
C) psychostimulant
D) antianxiety drug
102) The assumption behind performing a prefrontal lobotomy is that the frontal lobes ________ emotional
impulses from the ________.
A) intensify; lower brain centers
B) reduce; spinal cord
C) intensify; spinal cord
D) reduce; lower brain centers
103) Which of the following treatments is LEAST likely to be used today?
A) behavioral therapy
B) prefrontal lobotomy
C) electroconvulsive therapy
D) drug treatment
104) Psychosurgery is most likely to be used as a desperate attempt to control each of the following EXCEPT
________.
A) Parkinson's disease
B) intractable psychosis
C) epilepsy
D) major depression
105) In most mental hospitals, the patient who is MOST likely to receive therapy is the patient ________.
A) who is the most docile
B) with the most severe problems
C) who has just arrived
D) who is the most aggressive
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106) The advent of antipsychotic drugs in the 1950s ________.
A) delayed important research on the effectiveness of shock therapy
B) created a favorable climate for the policy of deinstitutionalization
107) For the severely mentally ill, the treatment of choice for the last 150 years has been ________.
A) drug treatment
B) psychotherapy
C) psychosurgery
D) hospitalization
108) Large, state-run mental hospitals have a history of being ________.
A) underfunded and understaffed
B) overfunded and overstaffed
C) overfunded but understaffed
D) underfunded but overstaffed
109) Surveys indicate that about ________ percent of homeless people are mentally ill.
A) 40
B) 60
C) 20
D) 80
110) Forms of mental health care that avoid hospitalization altogether ________.
A) have never been the subject of controlled studies
B) provide outcomes more positive than hospitalization
111) ________ prevention is aimed at improving the overall environment so that new cases of mental disorders do
not develop.
A) Tertiary
B) Secondary
C) Primary
D) Basic
112) Family planning and genetic counseling are two forms of ________ prevention.
A) basic
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) primary
113) In Native-American culture, not making eye contact and looking downward during a conversation is a sign
of ________.
A) depression
B) appreciation
C) denigration
D) respect
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
114) Free association is a procedure for bringing underlying thoughts to surface consciousness.
115) Transference is a major goal of client-centered therapy.
116) The vast majority of people who seek therapy go into traditional analysis.
117) Client-centered therapists are nondirective.
118) Gestalt therapy is largely an outgrowth of marital therapy.
119) A general trend in psychotherapy is toward short-term dynamic therapy for most people.
120) Behavior therapists are nondirective.
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Answer Key
Testname: CH 13 BIG REVIEW
1) C
2) C
3) A
4) D
5) A
6) B
7) C
8) A
9) A
10) C
11) A
12) B
13) C
14) B
15) B
16) D
17) A
18) A
19) C
20) B
21) B
22) B
23) C
24) A
25) D
26) A
27) D
28) C
29) B
30) B
31) C
32) A
33) A
34) C
35) D
36) A
37) D
38) A
39) D
40) D
41) C
42) D
43) A
44) A
45) C
46) C
47) C
48) B
49) A
50) B
51) B
52) A
53) D
54) B
55) A
56) C
57) C
58) C
59) D
60) C
61) D
62) D
63) C
64) B
65) C
66) A
67) B
68) A
69) D
70) D
71) C
72) D
73) D
74) B
75) B
76) A
77) D
78) C
79) D
80) A
81) D
82) C
83) B
84) B
85) A
86) C
87) B
88) A
89) A
90) C
91) D
92) A
93) A
94) D
95) C
96) B
97) D
98) C
99) A
100) A
101) C
102) A
103) B
104) D
105) C
106) B
107) D
108) A
109) A
110) B
111) C
112) D
113) D
114) TRUE
115) FALSE
116) FALSE
117) TRUE
118) FALSE
119) TRUE
120) FALSE
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